Mayonnaise-like high internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized by co-assembled phosphorylated perilla protein isolate and chitosan for extrusion 3D printing application

High-internal-phase Pickering emulsions have various applications in materials science. However, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of inorganic or synthetic stabilizers limit their applications. Herein, we describe high-internal-phase Pickering emulsions with 87 % edible oil or 88 % n-hexane in water stabilized by peanut-protein-isolate microgel particles. These dispersed phase fractions are the highest in all known food-grade Pickering emulsions. The protein-based microgel particles are in different aggregate states depending on the pH value. The emulsions can be utilized for multiple potential applications simply by changing the internal-phase composition. A substitute for partially hydrogenated vegetable oils is obtained when the internal phase is an edible oil. If the internal phase is n-hexane, the emulsion can be used as a template to produce porous materials, which are advantageous for tissue engineering.