Metamorphoses of Earnings in the Transport Sector of the V4 Region

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Abstract

The transportation sector is a crucial sector of the sustainability of every national economy. Previous studies highlighted the core significance of transport enterprises in European countries over the past 60 years. The long-term sustainability of enterprises is determined by their ability to gain earnings. Thus, earnings are the synonym of significance in corporate life. The purpose of this study was to capture the lever year, the trend, and the slope of the development of earnings in the transport sector before the COVID-19 pandemic. Time series of the annual earnings of the enterprises from the close countries of the V4 region were used during a 10-year period. Buishand’s test sets the change-points of the development and indicated the values of specific central lines. The year 2013 was the lever date for the earnings of 830 Slovak and 1042 Hungarian enterprises. The year 2015 was the year of momentum for 757 Polish enterprises. The development of 397 Czech enterprises was mainly influenced by the year 2014. The results of the Mann–Kendall test detected a positive trend in the series of business finance in all countries. In addition, the Sen’s slope was estimated in the transport sector for the analyzed period 2010–2019.

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Pandemic waves and the time after Covid-19 – Consequences for the transport sector

Werner Rothengatter, Junyi Zhang, Yoshitsugu Hayashi … (2021)

This paper discusses the dual role of the transport sector in the Covid-19 pandemic: spreading the virus around the world and being most negatively impacted by the pandemic. This paper describes and analyzes the following: (a) actions taken by the governments and international community in order to control the spreading and to alleviate negative economic impacts including massive fiscal and monetary stimulus funding; (b) detailed discussions on the impacts of the pandemic on air transport, rail and bus transport, and urban transit, and major countries’ responses to reduce the negative effects; (c) discussions on the positive effects of the pandemic on the environment and climate change by suggesting policy measures in order to make it sustainable over the long term. Finally, the paper addresses social acceptance issue of the behavioral changes necessary in the post-pandemic world, in particular reflecting historical experience of the Spanish flu case. We end the paper with some observations and discussion of the normative issues for a sustainable development of the transport sector.

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Job Insecurity, Job Instability, and Job Satisfaction in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Marcela-Sefora Nemteanu, Vasile Dinu, Dan-Cristian Dabija (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges regarding employee adaptation to change as well as job security, with levels of wellbeing and satisfaction being greatly affected. Based on the literature as well as on Adaptation-level Theory, Stress and Coping Theory, and Motivationhygiene Theory, this paper approaches the link between job insecurity and job instability during the COVID-19 pandemic along with employee job satisfaction in an emerging market. The proposed conceptual model analyses the influence of job instability and job insecurity on individual job satisfaction, including supervisor support and promotion opportunities. The survey-based empirical study was implemented with the aid of a questionnaire taken by 568 employees in Romania. The results determined with the help of a correlation analysis highlight a strong, direct, and positive link between job instability and employee insecurity in increasing employee competitiveness. The impact of job insecurity and instability on the components considered in terms of job satisfaction vary. Job insecurity was shown to manifest a negative correlation only with regard to satisfaction concerning supervisor support and promotion opportunities. Perceived job instability showed a significant negative impact on individual work satisfaction, satisfaction with supervisor support and promotion opportunities. This paper also enhances the human resources literature by demonstrating how organisational competitiveness might be enhanced during a global pandemic by focusing on employees.

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The Influence of Internal Marketing and Job Satisfaction on Task Performance and Counterproductive Work Behavior in an Emerging Market during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Marcela-Sefora Nemteanu, Dan-Cristian Dabija (2021)

To reduce the spread of the virus, authorities have imposed restrictive measures, such as limiting movement of individuals, shutting down non-essential stores, imposing a general or local quarantine, along with physical distancing and isolation of vulnerable people. Remote working has become the ‘new normal’ for many organizations, engendering further challenges for employees, who have started experiencing anxiety, technostress caused by digitalization and lack of social interaction, frustration, occupational burden, counterproductive work behavior, exhaustion, burnout, depersonalization, and increased turnover intention. All these factors, corroborated by prolonged restrictions, have contributed to a decrease in employee satisfaction, diminishing performance and generating a counterproductive behavior. Based on Social Exchange Theory, this research plans to investigate the influence of internal marketing on job satisfaction, task performance, and counterproductive work behavior in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in an emerging market, namely Romania. Based on a quantitative research study among 850 employees, we show that internal marketing strongly and significantly impacts job satisfaction, while insignificantly impacting task performance and counterproductive work behavior. Job satisfaction actuates task performance in a significant and positive manner, contributing to a reduction in counterproductive work behaviors. This paper highlights the effects of internal marketing orientation on job satisfaction, and the effects of job satisfaction on job performance and counterproductive work behaviors.