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      Evaluación de la maloclusión, alteraciones funcionales y hábitos orales en una población escolar: Tarragona y Barcelona Translated title: Evaluation of malocclusion, functional and oral habits alteration in a school student population: Tarragona and Barcelona

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          Abstract

          Fundamento: La etiología de la maloclusión puede ser multifactorial y difícil de clasificar durante el desarrollo del individuo. Los objetivos del estudio son conocer las características de la maloclusión y su posible relación con las alteraciones funcionales y los hábitos orales. Métodos: Se estudió a 1.270 individuos representativos de la población escolar de Cataluña; 596 niños y 674 niñas de entre 6 y 14 años. Se obtuvo información mediante registros clínicos y cuestionarios. Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo mixto transversal, llevado a cabo entre 2006 y 2007 a través de un muestreo no probabilística de conveniencia. Se ha realizado el calibrado de los examinadores. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 1051 escolares con una edad media de 9,32 años. El 72,8% presenta según Angle Clase I, 19,0% y 5,2% Clase II/1 y II/2 respectivamente y 2,9% Clase III. El hábito onicofagia fue el más frecuente con un 46,4%. El mayor nivel de limitación funcional fue la hipertrofia amigdalar con un 21,2%. Existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre maloclusión sagital y tipo de respiración y movilidad lingual y entre maloclusión horizontal y tiempo de succión digital y movilidad lingual (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de alteraciones funcionales y de hábitos orales puede advertir de la presencia de maloclusión.

          Translated abstract

          Background: Etiology of malocclusion may be multifactor and difficult to classify during the development of the individual. The aim of this study is to identify the malocclusion characteristics in a school student population and find the possible relation with functional and oral habit alteration. Material and method: 1270 individuals representative of the school population of Catalonia were studied: 596 boys and 674 girls between 6 and 14 years. Information was obtained through medical records and questionnaires. A mixed observational-descriptive transversal study has been done in the period between 2006 and 2007 that was selected by a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Interexamination calibration was preformed. Results: 1051 schoolchildren were included in the study with a mean age of 9.32 years. 72.8% presented as Angle Class I, 19.0% and 5.2% Class II / 1 and II / 2, respectively and 2.9% Class III. Nail biting habit was the most frequent habit with 46.4%. The highest level of functional limitation was tonsils hypertrophy with 21.2%. There is a statically significant relationship between sagittal malocclusion and respiration type and tongue mobility, and between horizontal malocclusion and digital suction and tongue mobility (p<0.05). Conclusions: The diagnosis of functional disorders and oral habits can be a warning of the presence of malocclusion.

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          Most cited references34

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          Oral Health Survey: Basics Methods

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            Influence of respiratory pattern on craniofacial growth.

            The purpose of this paper has been to explore the relationship between upper airway obstruction and craniofacial growth. A review of the literature and of a preliminary study by the author in collaboration with investigators at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh indicate both the spectrum of skeletal and dental configurations which are associated with upper airway obstruction and the significant changes in patterns of facial growth which are observed following removal of the obstruction. Four clinical cases were presented. While admittedly only case reports, these do illustrate the potential interaction between alterations in respiratory function and craniofacial growth pattern. The four clinical cases are representative of one type of facial problem which has been classically associated with the mouth-breathing individual; that is a steep mandibular plane. We fully recognize that there are many other manifestations of the environmental problem of upper respiratory obstruction. However, these cases do illustrate the relationship between function and form (i.e. obstruction and deviant facial growth). In order for this relationship to be more fully documented, data from controlled randomized clinical trials must be analyzed.
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              Prevalence of malocclusion among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

              The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among predominantly Yoruba adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria, and to compare the results with those of other authors. The sample for this epidemiological survey comprised 636 secondary school students, (334 [52.5%] boys and 302 [47.5%] girls), aged 12-17 years (mean age, 14.72 +/- 1.16 SD). The subjects were randomly selected, and none had received previous orthodontic treatment. Occlusal anteroposterior relationships were assessed based on the Angle classification. Other variables examined were overjet, overbite, crowding, and midline diastema. The results showed that about 24% of the subjects had normal occlusions, 50% had Class I malocclusions, 14% had Class II malocclusions, and 12% had Class III malocclusions. Over 66% had normal overbites, and 14% and 9% had increased and reduced values, respectively. Overjet relationship was normal in 66%, increased in 16%, and decreased in 8%. Crowding was observed in 20% of the subjects and midline diastema in 37%. No statistically significant differences were observed for any occlusal variables (P > .05). Class I malocclusion is the most prevalent occlusal pattern among these Nigerian students. Different patterns of Class II and Class III might be present for the dominant ethnic groups in the country. Therefore, a survey of the occlusal pattern in southeastern Nigerians (Ibo ethnic group) would appear to be worthwhile.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                odonto
                Avances en Odontoestomatología
                Av Odontoestomatol
                Ediciones Avances, S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0213-1285
                2340-3152
                April 2011
                : 27
                : 2
                : 75-84
                Affiliations
                [01] Barcelona orgnameUniversidad de Barcelona orgdiv1Departamento de Odontoestomatología
                [02] Barcelona orgnameUniversidad de Barcelona orgdiv1Departamento de Salud Pública
                Article
                S0213-12852011000200003
                10.4321/s0213-12852011000200003
                c643e451-ea09-41d9-931a-fe16fe30ee82

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 December 2009
                : 20 January 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Maloclusión,hábitos orales,alteración funcional,prevalencia,escolares,Malocclusion,oral habits,functional alteration,prevalence,schoolchildren

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