The Additive Effect of CBT Elements on the Video Game ‘Mindlight’ in Decreasing Anxiety Symptoms of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the additive effect of elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the video game Mindlight in decreasing anxiety of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A non-concurrent multiple baseline design with 8 children with ASD in the age of 8–12 was used. CBT did not have the hypothesized additive effect on Mindlight in decreasing anxiety of children with ASD. Instead, multiple participants already experienced a decrease in anxiety during the Mindlight sessions. Yet, several participants did experience a stabilization in anxiety at a low level during the CBT sessions. For now, it can be concluded that CBT does not have an additive effect on Mindlight.

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Most cited references 42

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Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach.

Michelle Craske, Julia Conway, Tomislav Zbozinek … (2014)

Exposure therapy is an effective approach for treating anxiety disorders, although a substantial number of individuals fail to benefit or experience a return of fear after treatment. Research suggests that anxious individuals show deficits in the mechanisms believed to underlie exposure therapy, such as inhibitory learning. Targeting these processes may help improve the efficacy of exposure-based procedures. Although evidence supports an inhibitory learning model of extinction, there has been little discussion of how to implement this model in clinical practice. The primary aim of this paper is to provide examples to clinicians for how to apply this model to optimize exposure therapy with anxious clients, in ways that distinguish it from a 'fear habituation' approach and 'belief disconfirmation' approach within standard cognitive-behavior therapy. Exposure optimization strategies include (1) expectancy violation, (2) deepened extinction, (3) occasional reinforced extinction, (4) removal of safety signals, (5) variability, (6) retrieval cues, (7) multiple contexts, and (8) affect labeling. Case studies illustrate methods of applying these techniques with a variety of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and panic disorder. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

Francisca J A van Steensel, Susan M. Bögels, Sean Perrin (2011)

There is considerable evidence that children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are at increased risk of anxiety and anxiety disorders. However, it is less clear which of the specific DSM-IV anxiety disorders occur most in this population. The present study used meta-analytic techniques to help clarify this issue. A systematic review of the literature identified 31 studies involving 2,121 young people (aged <18 years) with ASD, and where the presence of anxiety disorder was assessed using standardized questionnaires or diagnostic interviews. Across studies, 39.6% of young people with ASD had at least one comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorder, the most frequent being specific phobia (29.8%) followed by OCD (17.4%) and social anxiety disorder (16.6%). Associations were found between the specific anxiety disorders and ASD subtype, age, IQ, and assessment method (questionnaire versus interview). Implications for the identification and treatment of anxiety in young people with ASD are discussed.

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Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.

Susan White, Donald Oswald, Thomas Ollendick … (2009)

Anxiety and poor stress management are common concerns in clinical samples of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Anxiety may worsen during adolescence, as young people face an increasingly complex social milieu and often become more aware of their differences and interpersonal difficulties. This review summarizes the state of research on the prevalence, phenomenology, and treatment of anxiety in youth with autism and related conditions such as Asperger's Disorder. Using search words autism, asperger(s), or pervasive developmental disorder and anxiety or anxious to find reports published between 1990 and 2008, this review identified 40 papers. The results of the review suggest that anxiety, whether measured categorically or dimensionally, is indeed common in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and may be a source of additional morbidity. The assessment of anxiety disorders in ASD should be conducted using multiple informants and modalities, as children with ASD often do not display age-typical symptoms of anxiety. To date, relatively few controlled intervention studies using well-characterized samples have been conducted despite preliminary evidence for efficacy of select pharmacological and psychosocial approaches. Recommendations for future applied research are presented and clinical implications are explored.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Lieke A. M. W. Wijnhoven: l.wijnhoven@karakter.com

Rutger C. M. E. Engels: rutger.engels@eur.nl

Patrick Onghena: patrick.onghena@kuleuven.be

Roy Otten: r.otten@pwo.ru.nl

Daan H. M. Creemers: d.creemers@ggzoostbrabant.nl

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Autism Dev Disord

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Autism Dev Disord

Title: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 0162-3257

ISSN (Electronic): 1573-3432

Publication date (Electronic): 3 March 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 3 March 2021

Publication date (Print): 2022

Volume: 52

Issue: 1

Pages: 150-168

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.461871.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0624 8031, Present Address: Mental Health Care Institute Karakter, ; Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands

[2 ]GRID grid.6906.9, ISNI 0000000092621349, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, , Erasmus University, ; P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[3 ]GRID grid.5596.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7884, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ; P.O. Box 5005, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

[4 ]GRID grid.5590.9, ISNI 0000000122931605, Present Address: Behavioural Science Institute, , Radboud University, ; P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands

[5 ]GRID grid.215654.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2151 2636, Present Address: REACH Institute, , Arizona State University, ; P.O. Box 876005, Tempe, AZ USA

[6 ]GRID grid.476319.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0377 6226, Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Oost-Brabant, ; P.O. Box 3, 5427 ZG Boekel, The Netherlands

[7 ]GRID grid.491357.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0514 1769, Mental Health Care Institute Pluryn, ; P.O. Box 53, 6500 AB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Article

Publisher ID: 4927

DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04927-8

PMC ID: 8732870

PubMed ID: 33660138

SO-VID: c51f2005-edc7-4105-9b36-47adfa1895d5

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date accepted : 10 February 2021

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology

Keywords: children,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety symptoms,video game,cognitive-behavioral therapy

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology

Keywords: children, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety symptoms, video game, cognitive-behavioral therapy

The Additive Effect of CBT Elements on the Video Game ‘Mindlight’ in Decreasing Anxiety Symptoms of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Most cited references 42

Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach.

Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.

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