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      Smartphone-based intraocular lens microscope

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          Abstract

          Microscopes play an important role in the diagnosis of microorganisms and pathological lesions in ophthalmology guiding us to the appropriate management. The current trend of collecting samples and examination is mostly laboratory-based which consume time, labor, and are costly. Smartphones are being used in different fields of ophthalmology with great ubiquity. The good quality photographs obtained by smartphones along with the ease of mobility has made it possible to warrant its use in the microscopic world. This article describes a simple novel technique of preparing an intraocular lens system which can be used in conjunction with a smartphone to detect microorganisms and pathological lesions.

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          Most cited references34

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          Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy.

          Molecular excitation by the simultaneous absorption of two photons provides intrinsic three-dimensional resolution in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. The excitation of fluorophores having single-photon absorption in the ultraviolet with a stream of strongly focused subpicosecond pulses of red laser light has made possible fluorescence images of living cells and other microscopic objects. The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation. This technique also provides unprecedented capabilities for three-dimensional, spatially resolved photochemistry, particularly photolytic release of caged effector molecules.
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            Point-of-care nucleic acid testing for infectious diseases.

            Nucleic acid testing for infectious diseases at the point of care is beginning to enter clinical practice in developed and developing countries; especially for applications requiring fast turnaround times, and in settings where a centralized laboratory approach faces limitations. Current systems for clinical diagnostic applications are mainly PCR-based, can only be used in hospitals, and are still relatively complex and expensive. Integrating sample preparation with nucleic acid amplification and detection in a cost-effective, robust, and user-friendly format remains challenging. This review describes recent technical advances that might be able to address these limitations, with a focus on isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods. It briefly discusses selected applications related to the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, HIV, and perinatal and nosocomial infections. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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              Microfluidic chips for point-of-care immunodiagnostics.

              We might be at the turning point where research in microfluidics undertaken in academia and industrial research laboratories, and substantially sponsored by public grants, may provide a range of portable and networked diagnostic devices. In this Progress Report, an overview on microfluidic devices that may become the next generation of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is provided. First, we describe gaps and opportunities in medical diagnostics and how microfluidics can address these gaps using the example of immunodiagnostics. Next, we conceptualize how different technologies are converging into working microfluidic POC diagnostics devices. Technologies are explained from the perspective of sample interaction with components of a device. Specifically, we detail materials, surface treatment, sample processing, microfluidic elements (such as valves, pumps, and mixers), receptors, and analytes in the light of various biosensing concepts. Finally, we discuss the integration of components into accurate and reliable devices. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Indian J Ophthalmol
                Indian J Ophthalmol
                IJO
                Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
                Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                0301-4738
                1998-3689
                October 2020
                23 September 2020
                : 68
                : 10
                : 2213-2215
                Affiliations
                [1]General Ophthalmology, Dr. Chandrakanth Malabar Nethralaya, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Dr. Prithvi Chandrakanth, Chandradevi, Opp Super Petrol Pump, Behind ‘QRS’, Kannur Road, W. Naddakavu, Kozhikode - 673 011, Kerala, India. E-mail: dr.prithvi.chandrakanth@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                IJO-68-2213
                10.4103/ijo.IJO_2032_19
                7727942
                32971646
                c4f52967-fe87-454d-a16a-65220fa38b60
                Copyright: © 2020 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : 04 November 2019
                : 04 February 2020
                : 30 March 2020
                Categories
                Innovation in Ophthalmology

                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                innovation,low-cost device,microscope,point of care diagnosis,smartphone photography

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