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      Plantas de cobertura e calagem na implantação do sistema plantio direto Translated title: Cover crops and liming in the implementation of no‑tillage system

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura e da calagem sobre a produtividade da soja e as características químicas do perfil do solo, após implantação do plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado em campo por dois anos, em Latossolo Vermelho‑Amarelo. A área era explorada como pastagem há cinco anos. Avaliaram-se três sistemas de cultivo: soja/pousio/soja, soja/Pennisetum glaucum/soja e soja/Urochloa ruziziensis/soja, com aplicação de calcário à dosagem de 0, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 vezes a quantidade necessária para elevar a saturação de bases (V) a 50%, na camada de 0-20 cm. O calcário foi incorporado ao solo, a 20 cm de profundidade, previamente à implantação dos sistemas de cultivo. Aos 490 dias após a calagem, foram coletadas amostras de solo das profundidades de 0-­10, 10-­20, 20-­40 e 40­-60 cm. Avaliaram-se o estado nutricional das plantas, as alterações das características químicas do solo e a produtividade da soja. As plantas de cobertura associadas à calagem promovem melhorias nos parâmetros de acidez do solo - sobretudo quando a dose aplicada é igual ou mais elevada do que a recomendada para V 50% -, e aumentam o teor foliar de P e a produtividade da soja, independentemente da calagem. Quanto maior a dose de calcário, maior é o avanço da frente alcalina no solo e a produtividade de grãos.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and liming on soybean yield and on soil chemical characteristics of soil profile, after the implementation of no‑tillage system. The experiment was carried out in the field, during two years, in a Typical hapludox. The area was explored as pasture for five years. Three cropping systems were evaluated: soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/Pennisetum glaucum/soybean, and soybean/Urochloa ruziziensis/soybean, with lime application at doses 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 times the amount required to raise the saturation base (V) to 50% at the 0-20 cm layer. Lime was incorporated into the soil at 20‑cm depth before crop system implementation. At 490 days after liming, soil samples were taken from the depths 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm. Plant nutritional status, changes in soil chemical characteristics, and soybean yield were evaluated. Cover crops associated with liming improve soil acidity parameters - mainly when the applied dose is equal to or higher than the one recommended for V 50% -, and increase P foliar contents and soybean yield, regardless of lime. The higher the limestone rate, the greater is the move of the alkaline front in soil and the greater is the grain yield.

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          Most cited references28

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          Corretivos da acidez do solo: características e interpretações técnicas

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            TECNOLOGIAS de produção de soja ‑ região central do Brasil 2010 e 2011

            (2009)
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              Exchangeable basic cations and nitrogen distribution in soil as affected by crop residues and nitrogen

              In this work, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of N fertilization and residues of pearl millet, black oats and oilseed radish on pH and Ca, Mg, K, NO3-, and NH4+ distribution within the profile of a Distroferric Red Latosol. The equivalent of 8 t ha-1 of plant residues were placed on soil surface. Lime was applied on the soil surface and nitrogen was applied over the straw at 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg kg-1, as ammonium nitrate. Corn was grown for 57 days. Calcium contents and pH in the soil profile were decreased by Pearl millet residue, while black oat and oilseed radish increased Ca contents and these effects are not related with Ca contents in residue tissue. However, the presence of plant residues increased nitrate, ammonium, and potassium contents in the deeper layers of the pots.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Informação Tecnológica (Brasília )
                1678-3921
                August 2012
                : 47
                : 8
                : 1158-1165
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                Article
                S0100-204X2012000800017
                10.1590/S0100-204X2012000800017
                c465d6a0-ce10-462f-ac46-eb9d46ca0024

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-204X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Animal agriculture,General agriculture
                Pennisetum glaucum,Brachiaria ruziziensis,soil acidity,sub‑superficial correction,cropping systems,acidez do solo,correção subsuperficial,sistema de produção

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