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      Evaluación de la prueba rápida inmunocromatográfica Binax NOW® ICT Pf/Pv para el diagnóstico del paludismo en un área endémica de Colombia Translated title: Evaluation of ICT malaria immunochromatographic Binax NOW® ICT P.f/P.v test for rapid diagnosis of malaria in a Colombian endemic area

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          Abstract

          Introducción. Una de las estrategias para disminuir la morbimortalidad por paludismo es realizar un diagnóstico temprano mediante pruebas rápidas de baja complejidad técnica, altamente sensibles y específicas, que puedan ser realizadas e interpretadas por personas de la misma comunidad, garantizando un tratamiento antipalúdico adecuado y oportuno. Objetivo. Determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba inmunocromatográfica Binax NOW® malaria ICT P.f/P.v para el diagnóstico rápido de paludismo en Turbo, Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 171 pacientes distribuidos en dos grupos: el primero "pruebas simultáneas", 118 pacientes con síndrome febril agudo compatible con paludismo a los cuales se les aplicó ICT Pf/Pv y gota gruesa simultáneamente. El segundo "pruebas secuenciales", 53 pacientes con diagnóstico positivo por gota gruesa quienes se estudiaron para diagnóstico confirmatorio y seguimiento parasitológico los días 4 y 7 con ICT. Resultados. La sensibilidad y la especificidad de la prueba Binax NOW® malaria ICT Pf/Pv para diagnosticar infecciones por Plasmodium falciparum fueron 54,2% (IC95%: 52%-53,4%) y 93,6% (IC95%: 93,1%-94,2%), respectivamente, mientras que para Plasmodium vivax fueron 80% (IC95%: 77,9%-82,1%) y 100% (IC95%: 99,5%-100%); hubo disminución de la sensibilidad hasta 21,4% para P. falciparum y 33,3% para P. vivax con parasitemias menores de 500 parásitos/ul. En cuanto al diagnóstico confirmatorio, la prueba ICT Pf/Pv presentó una sensibilidad global de 71,6% con 20,7% de falsos positivos y 5,6% de falsos negativos. En el seguimiento, ICT mostró 36% y 34% de falsos positivos para los días 4 y 7, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La prueba Binax NOW® malaria ICT Pf/Pv como prueba diagnóstica mostró una sensibilidad muy baja para infecciones por P. falciparum y su capacidad para detectar parasitemias menores de 500 parásitos/ul es mínima. Como diagnóstico confirmatorio, la prueba ICT P.f/P.v. tiene buena sensibilidad para P. falciparum. Su uso para seguimiento de los pacientes no se recomienda.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. One of the strategies to reduce malarial morbidity and mortality is to make an early diagnosis, using simple rapid tests which are highly sensitive and specific. Furthermore, the tests must be easy to perform and understand by local people in such a way that a suitable and prompt antimalarial treatment is guaranteed. Objective. The sensitivity and specificity was determined for the immuno-chromographic malaria dipstick (ICT Pf/Pv) test for the rapid diagnosis of malaria in Turbo, Antioquia. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 171 patients distributed into two groups: the first group was 118 patients with acute febrile syndrome compatible with malaria to which ICT Pf/Pv and thick smears were applied simultaneously; a second group was 53 patients with positive diagnosis by thick smear, with follow-up on the 4th and 7th days after beginning treatment. Results. Sensitivity and specificity of the ICT Pf/Pv test for Plasmodium falciparum infections were 54.2% (95%CI: 52.0-53.4%) and 93.6% (95%CI: 93.1-94.2%), respectively. In addition, for Plasmodium vivax the sensitivity and specificity were 80% (95%CI: 77.9-82.1%) and 100% (95%CI: 99.5-100%); there was a 21.4% loss of sensitivity for P. falciparum 21.4% and a 33% loss for P. vivax malaria with parasitaemias under 500 parasites/ul. For the confirmatory test, ICT Pf/Pv showed a global sensitivity of 71.6% with 20.7% false positive and 5.6% false negative results. During follow-up, ICT showed 36% and 34% false positive results for day 4 and 7, respectively. Conclusions. The ICT Pf/Pv test has a poor sensitivity for P. falciparum malaria and its capacity to detect parasitemias under 500 parasites/ul is minimal. As a confirmatory test, the ICT Pf/Pv has a good sensitivity for P. falciparum. Its use for patient follow-up is not recommended.

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          Most cited references35

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          Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites.

          Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge to laboratories in most countries. Endemic malaria, population movements, and travelers all contribute to presenting the laboratory with diagnostic problems for which it may have little expertise available. Drug resistance and genetic variation has altered many accepted morphological appearances of malaria species, and new technology has given an opportunity to review available procedures. Concurrently the World Health Organization has opened a dialogue with scientists, clinicians, and manufacturers on the realistic possibilities for developing accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, capable of detecting 100 parasites/microl from all species and with a semiquantitative measurement for monitoring successful drug treatment. New technology has to be compared with an accepted "gold standard" that makes comparisons of sensitivity and specificity between different methods. The majority of malaria is found in countries where cost-effectiveness is an important factor and ease of performance and training is a major consideration. Most new technology for malaria diagnosis incorporates immunochromatographic capture procedures, with conjugated monoclonal antibodies providing the indicator of infection. Preferred targeted antigens are those which are abundant in all asexual and sexual stages of the parasite and are currently centered on detection of HRP-2 from Plasmodium falciparum and parasite-specific lactate dehydrogenase or Plasmodium aldolase from the parasite glycolytic pathway found in all species. Clinical studies allow effective comparisons between different formats, and the reality of nonmicroscopic diagnoses of malaria is considered.
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            Diagnosis of placental malaria.

            In a group of 596 delivering Ghanaian women, the sensitivities of peripheral blood thick film microscopy, ICT Malaria P.f/P.v test, and PCR in detecting microscopically confirmed placental Plasmodium falciparum infection were 42, 80, and 97%, respectively. In addition to the gross underestimation of placental malaria by peripheral blood film microscopy, submicroscopic infections were found to be a risk factor for maternal anemia.
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              Basic malaria microscopy—Part 1. Learner’s guide

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bio
                Biomédica
                Biomédica
                Instituto Nacional de Salud (Bogotá )
                0120-4157
                June 2007
                : 27
                : 2
                : 225-235
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Antioquia Colombia
                Article
                S0120-41572007000200009
                c41ea6e5-e89e-4bfe-85fd-a56dec310868

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-4157&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                malaria,sensitivity and specificity,Plasmodium falciparum,Plasmodium vivax,paludismo,sensibilidad,especificidad

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