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      Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review

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          Abstract

          Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a global disease, has attracted much research interest. Constant research has led to a better understanding of the disease condition and further promoted its management. We here reviewed the conventional and the novel drugs and therapies, as well as the potential ones, which have shown promise in preclinical studies and are likely to be effective future therapies. The conventional treatments aim at controlling symptoms through pharmacotherapy, including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics, with other general measures and/or surgical resection if necessary. However, a considerable fraction of patients do not respond to available treatments or lose response, which calls for new therapeutic strategies. Diverse therapeutic options are emerging, involving small molecules, apheresis therapy, improved intestinal microecology, cell therapy, and exosome therapy. In addition, patient education partly upgrades the efficacy of IBD treatment. Recent advances in the management of IBD have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment goals, from targeting symptom-free daily life to shooting for mucosal healing. In this review, the latest progress in IBD treatment is summarized to understand the advantages, pitfalls, and research prospects of different drugs and therapies and to provide a basis for the clinical decision and further research of IBD.

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          Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.

          The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has generated markedly increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. However, investigators report studies of MSC using different methods of isolation and expansion, and different approaches to characterizing the cells. Thus it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes, which hinders progress in the field. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposes minimal criteria to define human MSC. First, MSC must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions. Second, MSC must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79alpha or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSC must differentiate to osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. While these criteria will probably require modification as new knowledge unfolds, we believe this minimal set of standard criteria will foster a more uniform characterization of MSC and facilitate the exchange of data among investigators.
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            Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies.

            Inflammatory bowel disease is a global disease in the 21st century. We aimed to assess the changing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease around the world.
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              Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

              With the continued interest in the role of the gut microbiota in health, attention has now turned to how to harness the microbiota for the benefit of the host. This Consensus Statement outlines the definition and scope of the term 'prebiotic' as determined by an expert panel convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics in December 2016.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Med (Lausanne)
                Front Med (Lausanne)
                Front. Med.
                Frontiers in Medicine
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-858X
                20 December 2021
                2021
                : 8
                : 765474
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
                [2] 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
                [3] 3Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Giulia Roda, Humanitas University, Italy

                Reviewed by: Isabella Dotti, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain; Zhao Ding, Wuhan University, China; Xiaoli Rong, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, United States

                *Correspondence: Jiannan Li jnli@ 123456ciac.ac.cn

                This article was submitted to Gastroenterology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work

                Article
                10.3389/fmed.2021.765474
                8720971
                34988090
                c40bcf41-5b12-4e4e-ab54-8a2c7e63346a
                Copyright © 2021 Cai, Wang and Li.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 27 August 2021
                : 29 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 257, Pages: 24, Words: 21758
                Funding
                Funded by: Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program, doi 10.13039/501100013061;
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, doi 10.13039/501100001809;
                Funded by: Jilin University, doi 10.13039/501100004032;
                Categories
                Medicine
                Review

                inflammatory bowel disease,crohn disease,ulcerative colitis,therapeutics,recent advance

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