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      Phytotoxicity of organic extracts of five medicinal plants of the Neotropical savanna Translated title: Fitotoxicidade de extratos orgânicos de cinco plantas medicinais do Cerrado

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          Abstract

          Abstract Medicinal plants produce a high diversity of secondary metabolites with different biological activities, which are commonly evaluated when prospecting for bioherbicides. We analyzed the phytotoxic activity of organic extracts from the leaves of five medicinal species, Byrsonima intermedia, Moquiniastrum polymorphum, Luehea candicans, Miconia chamissois, and Qualea cordata. Phytotoxicity was evaluated on the initial growth of cucumber seedlings through tests with different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. The results showed that all organic extracts and all concentrations affected cucumber development, with methanol extracts generally showing the greatest negative effect on the initial growth of the target species. The only exception was for M. chamissois extracts, in which the hexane extract had the greatest phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the organic extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, revealing the widespread presence of alkaloids along with other chemical classes. All the study species are thus potential candidates for use as natural herbicides.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo As plantas medicinais são comumente avaliadas na prospecção de bioherbicidas, por produzirem uma alta diversidade de metabólitos secundários com diferentes atividades biológicas. Analisamos a atividade fitotóxica de extratos orgânicos de folhas de cinco espécies medicinais, Byrsonima intermedia, Moquiniastrum polymorphum, Luehea candicans, Miconia chamissois e Qualea cordata. A fitotoxicidade foi avaliada no crescimento inicial de plântulas de pepino por meio de testes com diferentes concentrações de extratos de hexano, acetato de etila e metanol. Os resultados mostraram que todos os extratos orgânicos e todas as concentrações afetaram o desenvolvimento de pepino, com os extratos metanólicos geralmente apresentando a maior inibição no crescimento inicial da espécie-alvo. A única exceção foram os extratos de M. chamissois, em que o extrato hexânico apresentou a maior fitotoxicidade. Adicionalmente, os extratos orgânicos foram submetidos a análises fitoquímicas preliminares, revelando a presença generalizada de alcaloides, juntamente com outras classes químicas. Todas as espécies estudadas são, portanto, potenciais candidatas para uso como herbicidas naturais.

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          Most cited references52

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          Natural products in crop protection.

          The tremendous increase in crop yields associated with the 'green' revolution has been possible in part by the discovery and utilization of chemicals for pest control. However, concerns over the potential impact of pesticides on human health and the environment has led to the introduction of new pesticide registration procedures, such as the Food Quality Protection Act in the United States. These new regulations have reduced the number of synthetic pesticides available in agriculture. Therefore, the current paradigm of relying almost exclusively on chemicals for pest control may need to be reconsidered. New pesticides, including natural product-based pesticides are being discovered and developed to replace the compounds lost due to the new registration requirements. This review covers the historical use of natural products in agricultural practices, the impact of natural products on the development of new pesticides, and the future prospects for natural products-based pest management.
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            Allelopathy—An update

            Elroy Rice (1979)
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              The Root Cap Cuticle: A Cell Wall Structure for Seedling Establishment and Lateral Root Formation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjb
                Brazilian Journal of Biology
                Braz. J. Biol.
                Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (São Carlos, SP, Brazil )
                1519-6984
                1678-4375
                2023
                : 83
                : e270122
                Affiliations
                [02] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências orgdiv2Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fitoquímica Brazil
                [01] Assis orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências e Letras orgdiv2Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Anatomia e Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas Brazil
                Article
                S1519-69842023000100454 S1519-6984(23)08300000454
                10.1590/1519-6984.270122
                c3be62a5-d5d9-42b1-b909-63deb767a16f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 December 2022
                : 29 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                extrato foliar,triagem fitoquímica,Cerrado,cucumber initial growth,leaf extract,phytochemical screening,crescimento inicial de pepino

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