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      Evolução da mucosite oral após intervenção nutricional em pacientes oncológicos no serviço de cuidados paliativos Translated title: Oral mucositis evolution after nutritional intervention in cancer patients under palliative care

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          Abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A sintomatologia da mucosite oral traz graves consequências para a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, podendo exigir interrupção parcial ou completa do tratamento antineoplásico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução da mucosite oral em pacientes oncológicos atendidos pelo serviço de cuidados paliativos, após a intervenção e orientação médica e nutricional, além de analisar de que forma a mucosite interfere na ingestão alimentar dos pacientes. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 23 pacientes em cuidados paliativos, que responderam a questionários compostos por questões relacionadas ao número de refeições/dia, consistência das refeições, medicamentos em uso, queixas orais e hábitos de vida. As entrevistas foram realizadas no primeiro atendimento e após 15 dias. Os atendimentos foram realizados pela nutricionista e médica, de maneira individualizada, considerando o diagnóstico da doença e sintomas apresentados. RESULTADOS: 65,2% dos pacientes apresentaram mucosite grau I e 46,6% destes consumiam alimentos de consistência sólida. 4,3% dos pacientes apresentaram mucosite grau IV com 100% destes deglutindo alimentos de consistência líquida. No retorno dos pacientes 73,9% não apresentaram mucosite e destes 64,7% referiram não ter restrições à consistência da dieta. Xerostomia foi que apresentou maior incidência no primeiro atendimento, 86,9% reduzindo para 34,7% no final do tratamento. A candidíase diagnosticada em 43,4% dos pacientes reduziu para 13% após a intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: A mucosite oral é intercorrência muito comum nos pacientes em tratamento oncológico e a atuação multiprofissional é fundamental para o manejo eficiente dos pacientes em cuidados paliativos, respeitando sua autonomia e qualidade de vida.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oral mucositis symptoms bring severe consequences to patients' quality of life and may require partial or complete interruption of cancer treatment. This study aimed at evaluating oral mucositis evolution in cancer patients under palliative care after medical and nutritional intervention and orientation, in addition to analyzing how mucositis interferes with patients' food ingestion. METHOD: Participated in this study 23 patients under palliative care who answered questionnaires with questions regarding number of meals/day, meals consistency, drugs used, oral complaints and life habits. Patients were individually interviewed in the first visit and 15 days after by the physician and the nutritionist considering disease diagnosis and symptoms. RESULTS: 65.2% of patients had mucositis grade I and 46.6% of them consumed solid food. 4.3% of patients had mucositis grade IV and all of them consumed liquid food. At return, 73.9% of patients had no mucositis and from them, 64.7% reported no restriction with regard to diet consistency. Xerostomia had the highest incidence at first visit (86.9%) being decreased to 34.7% at treatment completion. Candidiasis, diagnosed in 43.4% of patients was decreased to 13% after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Oral mucositis is very common among cancer patients and the multiprofessional approach is critical for the efficient management of patients under palliative care, respecting their autonomy and quality of life.

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          Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a systematic literature review.

          To determine the frequency of mucositis and associated outcomes in patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer through a systematic review of recently published literature. According to the study protocol, databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (English only, 1996-1999) of patients with head and neck cancer receiving RT with or without chemotherapy that reported one or more outcomes of interest. Thirty-three studies (n=6181 patients) met inclusion criteria. Mucositis was defined using a variety of scoring systems. The mean incidence was 80%. Over one-half of patients (56%) who received altered fractionation RT (RT-AF) experienced severe mucositis (grades 3-4) compared to 34% of patients who received conventional RT. Rates of hospitalization due to mucositis, reported in three studies (n=700), were 16% overall and 32% for RT-AF patients. Eleven percent of patients had RT regimens interrupted or modified because of mucositis in five studies (n=1267) reporting this outcome. Data insufficiency or heterogeneity prohibited analysis of mucositis severity and other associated outcomes, such as oral pain, dysphagia and opioid use. Mucositis is a frequent, severe toxicity in patients treated with RT for head and neck cancer. While it appears that mucositis may lead to hospitalization and treatment interruptions, its overall impact on outcomes has not been adequately investigated.
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            Estimativa 2008: Incidência de câncer no Brasil

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              Manifestações bucais em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia

              Em decorrência da quimioterapia, alterações na cavidade oral podem ser observadas e levar a complicações sistêmicas importantes, podendo aumentar o tempo de internação hospitalar, os custos do tratamento e afetar diretamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa em um hospital de oncologia da cidade de Juiz de Fora (MG), sendo realizado através de coleta de dados nos prontuários de pacientes que estiveram em tratamento oncológico, onde foram avaliadas as prevalências das manifestações orais em relação ao sexo, idade e tipo de tumor. Verificou-se que a mucosite foi a manifestação mais incidente em ambos os sexos em todas as faixas etárias (15,5%). A xerostomia e as demais lesões, como candidíase e lesões aftosas, também estiveram presentes. É possível melhorar a qualidade de vida antes, durante e após as terapias antineoplásicas através de um protocolo de atendimento odontológico que inclua medidas de condicionamento do meio bucal prévia à quimioterapia, como profilaxia, remoção de cáries, tratamento periodontal e de focos periapicais, orientação para higiene oral e dieta, e ainda laserterapia. É importante a inserção do dentista na equipe oncológica para o diagnóstico precoce das manifestações bucais e acompanhamento no período de tratamento.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rdor
                Revista Dor
                Rev. dor
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1806-0013
                2317-6393
                June 2012
                : 13
                : 2
                : 141-146
                Affiliations
                [01] Curitiba PR orgnameHospital Erasto Gaertner Brasil
                Article
                S1806-00132012000200009 S1806-0013(12)01300209
                10.1590/S1806-00132012000200009
                c3a0fb81-a033-4067-9ad2-809b41853c9a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 March 2012
                : 06 June 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Palliative care,Oral mucositis,Assistência paliativa,Oncology,Fisiologia Nutricional,Nutritional physiology,Mucosite oral,Oncologia

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