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      Ações governamentais contra o novo coronavírus: evidências dos estados brasileiros Translated title: Government actions against the new coronavirus: evidence from the Brazilian states Translated title: Acciones gubernamentales contra el nuevo coronavirus: evidencia de los estados brasileños

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          Abstract

          Resumo Desde a declaração do estado pandêmico global em decorrência do novo coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2) pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), em 11 de março de 2020, diversas têm sido as medidas tomadas por governos ao redor do mundo em relação ao distanciamento social. No caso brasileiro, os governos estaduais anteciparam-se com a decretação de medidas de fechamento de escolas, suspensão de eventos públicos e restrição do comércio. O objetivo deste paper é analisar as diferenças entre os governos estaduais do Brasil relativamente à implementação de intervenções não farmacêuticas (NPIs) para o enfrentamento ao coronavírus, com base no cálculo de um índice de ação governamental. Tendo em vista a consecução deste objetivo geral, foram analisados 367 decretos de 25 executivos estaduais brasileiros nos dois primeiros meses da pandemia no país (final de fevereiro e final de abril). Os resultados preliminares desta análise sugerem diferentes níveis de rigor das medidas para o enfrentamento à COVID-19 por parte dos governos estaduais brasileiros, destacando-se a adoção proativa de políticas mais rigorosas de distanciamento social por alguns estados, antes mesmo da confirmação do primeiro caso da doença em seus domínios.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Since the declaration of the global pandemic due to the new coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) by the World Health Organization (WHO), on March 11, 2020, several measures have been taken by governments around the world regarding social distancing. In Brazil, state governments took the lead in decreeing measures to close schools, suspend public events, and restrict businesses. This article aims to analyze the differences between the Brazilian state governments regarding implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to combat the coronavirus, based on the calculation of a government action index. Analysis of 367 decrees of 25 state executives was conducted in the first two months of the pandemic in the country. The preliminary results of this analysis suggest different levels of rigor in measures to confront COVID-19 by Brazilian governments. Some states stood out for their proactive adoption of stricter social distancing policies, even before confirming the first case of the disease.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Desde la declaración del estado pandémico mundial por el nuevo coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) por parte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el 11 de marzo de 2020, los gobiernos de todo el mundo han tomado diversas medidas con respecto al distanciamiento social. En el caso brasileño, los gobiernos estatales tomaron la iniciativa de decretar el cierre de escuelas, la suspención de eventos públicos y la restricción del comercio. El propósito de este artículo es analizar las diferencias entre los gobiernos estatales brasileños en lo que respecta a la implementación de intervenciones no farmacéuticas (NPI) para combatir el coronavirus, en base al cálculo de un índice de acción gubernamental. Se analizaron 367 decretos de 25 ejecutivos estatales en los primeros dos meses de pandemia en el país. Los resultados preliminares de este análisis sugieren diferentes niveles de rigor en las medidas para enfrentar la COVID-19 por parte de los gobiernos estatales brasileños. Hay estados que se destacaron por su adopción proactiva de políticas de distanciamiento social más estrictas, incluso antes de la confirmación del primer caso de la enfermedad.

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          Most cited references20

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          Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2)

          Estimation of the prevalence and contagiousness of undocumented novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) infections is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and pandemic potential of this disease. Here we use observations of reported infection within China, in conjunction with mobility data, a networked dynamic metapopulation model and Bayesian inference, to infer critical epidemiological characteristics associated with SARS-CoV2, including the fraction of undocumented infections and their contagiousness. We estimate 86% of all infections were undocumented (95% CI: [82%–90%]) prior to 23 January 2020 travel restrictions. Per person, the transmission rate of undocumented infections was 55% of documented infections ([46%–62%]), yet, due to their greater numbers, undocumented infections were the infection source for 79% of documented cases. These findings explain the rapid geographic spread of SARS-CoV2 and indicate containment of this virus will be particularly challenging.
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            Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak

            Public health measures were decisive in controlling the SARS epidemic in 2003. Isolation is the separation of ill persons from non-infected persons. Quarantine is movement restriction, often with fever surveillance, of contacts when it is not evident whether they have been infected but are not yet symptomatic or have not been infected. Community containment includes measures that range from increasing social distancing to community-wide quarantine. Whether these measures will be sufficient to control 2019-nCoV depends on addressing some unanswered questions.
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              COVID-19 and the policy sciences: initial reactions and perspectives

              The world is in the grip of a crisis that stands unprecedented in living memory. The COVID-19 pandemic is urgent, global in scale, and massive in impacts. Following Harold D. Lasswell’s goal for the policy sciences to offer insights into unfolding phenomena, this commentary draws on the lessons of the policy sciences literature to understand the dynamics related to COVID-19. We explore the ways in which scientific and technical expertise, emotions, and narratives influence policy decisions and shape relationships among citizens, organizations, and governments. We discuss varied processes of adaptation and change, including learning, surges in policy responses, alterations in networks (locally and globally), implementing policies across transboundary issues, and assessing policy success and failure. We conclude by identifying understudied aspects of the policy sciences that deserve attention in the pandemic’s aftermath.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rap
                Revista de Administração Pública
                Rev. Adm. Pública
                Fundação Getulio Vargas (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0034-7612
                1982-3134
                October 2020
                : 54
                : 5
                : 1429-1445
                Affiliations
                [1] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política Brazil
                [2] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social Brazil
                Article
                S0034-76122020000501429 S0034-7612(20)05400501429
                10.1590/0034-761220200503
                c390887f-eaf5-4169-b0f0-3292c5125fa7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 July 2020
                : 01 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                FÓRUM PERSPECTIVAS PRÁTICAS: SEÇÃO ESPECIAL COVID-19

                Brasil,distanciamiento social,federalism,federalismo,coronavirus,coronavírus,distanciamento social,COVID-19,social distancing

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