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      Vantagem em casa no campeonato brasileiro de futebol: efeito do local do jogo e da qualidade dos times Translated title: Home advantage in the Brazilian soccer championship: effect of game location and team quality

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          Abstract

          O propósito do presente estudo foi verificar a vantagem em casa, considerando a interferência e interação entre local do jogo e qualidade dos times nos aproveitamentos percentuais de vitórias e empates no futebol brasileiro. Dados de 10 anos (1998-2007) do Campeonato Brasileiro da primeira divisão foram considerados, totalizando 3.836 partidas. Para qualificação dos clubes, foi utilizado o primeiro desvio da Curva de Gauss em relação à pontuação obtida, sendo superior a este desvio será classificada como de Alta Qualidade (AQ), entre eles como Média Qualidade (MQ) e inferior como Baixa Qualidade (BQ). Foi observado que houve efeito do local do jogo (p<0,001; h²=0,88); os clubes venceram, em média, 25% a mais jogando em casa do que fora. Esse efeito foi menos pronunciado para os times BQ, em relação aos MQ e AQ (p<0,001), com significante efeito do fator qualidade também (h²=0,89). Foi notada interação significante, porém de média força, entre os fatores qualidade vs local do jogo, no aproveitamento de vitórias em casa (p=0,023; h²=0,13). Houve significante relação entre o local do jogo vs qualidade dos clubes para empates (p<0,001; h²=0,39), sem nenhuma influência importante desses fatores isoladamente. Os times AQ empatam menos em casa do que fora, enquanto o inverso aconteceu para os clubes BQ (p<0,05). Não houve diferença de empates em casa e fora para os times MQ. Conclui-se que o fator local do jogo pode ser atributo de vantagem nos confrontos do Campeonato Brasileiro de futebol da primeira divisão, sendo mais pronunciada quando a qualidade do clube é maior.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of the present study was to evaluate home advantage in Brazilian soccer considering the interference of and interaction between game location and team quality in the percentage of wins and draws. Data from the Brazilian first-division soccer championship comprising a period of 10 years (1998-2007) were analyzed, for a total of 3,836 games. For club qualification the first deviation of the curve of Gauss was used in relation to the punctuation obtained. Clubs presenting a punctuation higher than this deviation were classified as high quality (HQ), clubs with an intermediate punctuation as average quality (AQ), and clubs with a lower puncutation as low quality (LQ). There was an effect of game location (p<0.001; h²=0.88), with clubs playing at home winninng on average 25% more games. This effect was less pronounced for LQ teams compared to AQ and HQ teams (p<0.001), a finding indicating a significant effect of team quality (h²=0.89). A significant, although of medium strength, interaction was observed between team quality and game location for the percentage of wins at home (p=0.023; h²=0.13). There was also a significant relationship between game location and team quality for draws (p<0.001; h²=0.39), with no important influence of the individual factors. HQ teams presented fewer draws at home than away, while the opposite was observed for LQ clubs (p<0.05). No difference between draws at home and away was observed for AQ teams. In conclusion, game location is an advantageous factor in Brazilian first-division soccer championship games, with this factor being more pronounced in the case of high quality teams.

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          Is savage's independence axiom a universal rationality principle?

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            Home advantage in soccer: a retrospective analysis.

            R Pollard (1986)
            The existence of home advantage has been established for all major professional team sports in England and North America. The advantage was found to be greatest in soccer, with the home team currently obtaining about 64% of all points gained in the English Football League. Home advantage has changed very little since the formation of the League in 1888 and there are only small variations between the four Divisions of the League. The advantage is less marked in local derbies, in the FA Cup and in nonprofessional competitions. It is greater in the European Cup and increases as the stages of the competition progress. The allocation of three points, instead of two, for a win in the Football League has not changed home advantage, but its effect has been greatly reduced in the GM Vauxhall Conference where an away win gains more points than a home win. The statistical evidence suggests that crowd support and travel fatigue contribute less to home advantage in soccer than do the less easily quantifiable benefits of familiarity with conditions when playing at home. Further possible explanations for the advantage are discussed in the light of findings in other sports.
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              Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football.

              Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that referees' decisions can be influenced by crowd noise, but little work has been done to examine whether individual referees vary in their home bias or whether biased decisions contribute to overall home advantage. We develop an ordinal regression model to determine whether various measures of home advantage are affected by the official for the match and by crowd size while controlling for team ability. We examine 5244 English Premier League (EPL) match results involving 50 referees and find that home bias differs between referees. Individual referees give significantly different levels of home advantage, measured as goal differential between the home and away teams, although the significance of this result depends on one referee with a particularly high home advantage (an outlier). Referees vary significantly and robustly in their yellow card and penalty differentials even excluding the outlier. These results confirm that referees are responsible for some of the observed home advantage in the EPL and suggest that home advantage is dependent on the subjective decisions of referees that vary between individuals. We hypothesize that individual referees respond differently to factors such as crowd noise and suggest further research looking at referees' psychological and behavioural responses to biased crowds.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbcdh
                Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano
                Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Florianópolis )
                1980-0037
                April 2010
                : 12
                : 2
                : 148-154
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S1980-00372010000200010
                10.5007/1980-0037.2010v12n2p148
                c37c2c11-878e-4f0f-b862-306aef117d97

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1980-0037&lng=en
                Categories
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine
                Home advantage,Soccer,Brazilian championship,Game location,Team quality,Athlete,Vantagem em Casa,Futebol,Campeonato Brasileiro,Local de Jogo,Qualidade de Time,Atletas

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