CD24 signalling through macrophage Siglec-10 is a new target for cancer immunotherapy

Summary:

Ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are among the most lethal diseases affecting women, with few targeted therapies and high rates of metastasis. Here we show that CD24 can be the dominant innate immune checkpoint in ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and is a new, promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer cells are capable of evading clearance by macrophages through the overexpression of anti-phagocytic surface proteins, called “don’t eat me” signals, including CD47 ¹ , programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) ² , and the beta-2 microglobulin subunit of the major histocompatibility class I complex (B2M) ³ . Monoclonal antibodies which antagonize the interaction of “don’t eat me” signals with their macrophage-expressed receptors have demonstrated therapeutic potential in several cancers ^{4– 5} . However, variability in the magnitude and durability of the response to these agents has suggested the presence of additional, as yet unknown, “don’t eat me” signals. Here we demonstrate a novel role for tumor-expressed CD24 in promoting immune evasion through its interaction with the inhibitory receptor, Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 10 (Siglec-10), expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We observe that many tumors overexpress CD24 and that TAMs express high levels of Siglec-10. Both genetic ablation of CD24 or Siglec-10, and monoclonal antibody blockade of the CD24–Siglec-10 interaction, robustly augment the phagocytosis of all CD24-expressing human tumors tested. Genetic ablation as well as therapeutic blockade of CD24 resulted in a macrophage-dependent reduction of tumor growth and extension of survival, in vivo. These data highlight CD24 as a highly-expressed, anti-phagocytic signal in several cancers and demonstrate the therapeutic potential for CD24-blockade as cancer immunotherapy.