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      “PARIDAD DE GÉNERO EN ECUADOR”: EL IMPACTO DE LA REFORMA ELECTORAL 2020 EN LA REPRESENTACIÓN DESCRIPTIVA DE LAS MUJERES EN LA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL Translated title: “Gender Parity in Ecuador”: The Impact of the 2020 Electoral Reform on the Descriptive Representation of Women Elected to National Assembly

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Este estudio ofrece una primera evaluación de las reglas electorales con perspectiva de género en Ecuador, con ocasión de la reforma electoral de febrero de 2020 y de las elecciones generales de 2021. Se discute los distintos componentes del sistema electoral con perspectiva de género, lo que permite identificar su potencialidad de mejorar la representación descriptiva de las mujeres. Posteriormente, se evalúa la importancia del Índice de Fortaleza de la Cuota de Género (IFCG) y su posible ajuste como instrumento para el análisis del avance del diseño cuota/paridad en el contexto ecuatoriano. Finalmente, a partir de los resultados electorales del 2017 y 2021 se analiza el cambio en los porcentajes de asambleístas electas luego de la reforma electoral de 2020. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el reemplazo del método D’Hondt por Webster fue en detrimento de la presencia de mujeres en el parlamento, diferencia que fue compensada por la notable cuota de encabezamientos de listas por mujeres en las elecciones legislativas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT This work provides a first assessment of Ecuador’s Electoral Law from a gender perspective in the context of Ecuador’s 2020 electoral reform and its application in the general elections held in 2021. We discuss the different components of the electoral system from a gender perspective in order to understand their potential to improve or hinder the descriptive representation of women. We also analyze the importance of the Index of Strength of the Gender Quota (IFCG for its initials in Spanish). Moreover, we further propose an adjustment to this index to better examine the progress of the quota/parity design in the Ecuadorian context. Finally, using the electoral results from 2017 y 2021, we evaluate the change in the percentages of women elected to the National Assembly after the 2020 electoral reform. Results corroborate findings from previous studies on the benefits of a less proportional seat allocation method as well as female header mandate on voting list to improve the presence of women in parlia-mentary bodies. Our results show that the change in the method used for seat allocation from D’Hondt to Webster had detrimental effects on women’s presence in parliament. This effect was, however, offset by the increase of the number of women being listed first on the ballot.

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          Most cited references56

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          Electoral Systems, Contextual Factors and Women's Opportunity for Election to Parliament in Twenty-Three Democracies

          Wilma Rule (1987)
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            Making Quotas Work: The Effect of Gender Quota Laws On the Election of Women

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              The Ties That Double Bind: Social Roles and Women's Underrepresentation in Politics

              This paper theorizes three forms of bias that might limit women's representation: outright hostility, double standards, and a double bind whereby desired traits present bigger burdens for women than men. We examine these forms of bias using conjoint experiments derived from several original surveys—a population survey of American voters and two rounds of surveys of American public officials. We find no evidence of outright discrimination or of double standards. All else equal, most groups of respondents prefer female candidates, and evaluate men and women with identical profiles similarly. But on closer inspection, all is not equal. Across the board, elites and voters prefer candidates with traditional household profiles such as being married and having children, resulting in a double bind for many women. So long as social expectations about women's familial commitments cut against the demands of a full-time political career, women are likely to remain underrepresented in politics.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                revcipol
                Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)
                Rev. cienc. polít. (Santiago)
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Ciencia Política (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-090X
                April 2023
                : 43
                : 1
                : 93-114
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Las Américas de Ecuador Ecuador
                Article
                S0718-090X2023000100093 S0718-090X(23)04300100093
                10.4067/s0718-090x2023005000105
                c1bb899d-d213-4f9e-93c3-e3dbe4b4d04f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : January 2023
                : March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 22
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS

                cuotas de género,sistema electoral,legislative elections,female representation,Ecuador,gender quotas,electoral system,elecciones legislativas,representación femenina

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