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      COVID-19 and its negative impact on the mental health of health professionals: an integrative literature review

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          Abstract

          The current pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has triggered a scenario of danger and fear of contagion because of the elevated transmissibility and mortality. This in turn is responsible for development of anxieties and feelings of psychological suffering, triggering possible harm to the mental health of the health professionals who are daily faced with this battlefield scenario. This study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 on the mental health of health professionals working in this situation. An integrative literature review was conducted based on searches of the electronic scientific databases Virtual Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), National Library of Medicine, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Publications were only identified in the Virtual Health Library database, with a total of 547 articles. After the filtering process, a total of 13 articles remained, which were screened by reading titles, abstracts, and full texts, leaving a total of eight articles, on which the manuscript is based. The scenario of uncertainties, anxieties, and fears faced by health professionals can have negative psychological repercussions for their health.

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          Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019

          Jianbo Lai, Simeng Ma, Ying Wang … (2020)
          Key Points Question What factors are associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers in China who are treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 in multiple regions of China, a considerable proportion of health care workers reported experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, especially women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers directly engaged in diagnosing, treating, or providing nursing care to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Meaning These findings suggest that, among Chinese health care workers exposed to COVID-19, women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers have a high risk of developing unfavorable mental health outcomes and may need psychological support or interventions.
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            [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China].

            (2020)
            Objective: An outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. Here, we report results of a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of February 11, 2020. Methods: All COVID-19 cases reported through February 11, 2020 were extracted from China's Infectious Disease Information System. Analyses included: 1) summary of patient characteristics; 2) examination of age distributions and sex ratios; 3) calculation of case fatality and mortality rates; 4) geo-temporal analysis of viral spread; 5) epidemiological curve construction; and 6) subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 72 314 patient records-44 672 (61.8%) confirmed cases, 16 186 (22.4%) suspected cases, 10567 (14.6%) clinical diagnosed cases (Hubei only), and 889 asymptomatic cases (1.2%)-contributed data for the analysis. Among confirmed cases, most were aged 30-79 years (86.6%), diagnosed in Hubei (74.7%), and considered mild (80.9%). A total of 1 023 deaths occurred among confirmed cases for an overall case-fatality rate of 2.3%. The COVID-19 spread outward from Hubei sometime after December 2019 and by February 11, 2020, 1 386 counties across all 31 provinces were affected. The epidemic curve of onset of symptoms peaked in January 23-26, then began to decline leading up to February 11. A total of 1 716 health workers have become infected and 5 have died (0.3%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 epidemic has spread very quickly. It only took 30 days to expand from Hubei to the rest of Mainland China. With many people returning from a long holiday, China needs to prepare for the possible rebound of the epidemic.
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              Job burnout.

              C Maslach, W. Schaufeli, M. P. Leiter (2001)
              Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Rev Bras Med Trab
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Rev Bras Med Trab
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rbmt
                Title: Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho
                Publisher: Associação Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho (ANAMT)
                ISSN (Print): 1679-4435
                ISSN (Electronic): 2447-0147
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 30 March 2022
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): Jan-Mar 2022
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 132-139
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Integração do Sertão (FIS), Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil.
                [2 ] Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina de Olinda, Olinda, PE, Brazil.
                [3 ] Medicina, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Maceió, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
                [4 ] Fisioterapia e docência, FIS, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: Tácia Gabriela Vilar dos Santos Andrade - Rua Monsenhor Pinto de Campos, nº 332 - Bairro São Cristóvão - CEP: 56903-350 - Serra Talhada (PE), Brazil - E-mail: taciagab@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8227-474X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6422-7085
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-6070
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-0707
                Article
                DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2022-894
                PMC ID: 9444220
                SO-VID: c1522f8c-2c0c-4541-a4ad-24eb24e0cca1
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivative License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited and the work is not changed in any way.

                History
                Date received : 22 September 2021
                Date accepted : 15 December 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: professional burnout,pandemics,covid-19
                Data availability:
                Keywords: professional burnout, pandemics, covid-19

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