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      Prevalence and patient characteristics of Helicobacter pylori among adult in primary health care of security forces hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2018

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          Abstract

          Aim:

          To estimate the Helicobacter pylori prevalence and patients’ characteristics in primary health care in security forces hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

          Methods:

          A cross-sectional study, using a fecal H. pylori antigen, is including adults (14-64 years) in the duration from 18 March 2018 to 18 April 2018 on Saudi male and female visiting Primary care center in Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

          Results:

          The study came up with H. pylori prevalence is significantly correlated with age for those below 20 years and more than 50 years (P-value = 0.022 and 0.016, respectively) but with no correlation with the patient's sex.

          Conclusion:

          In conclusion, overall prevalence of H. pylori is low among primary healthcare patients, which is 10.2% and it is correlated to younger age <20 years old and elderly >50 years old.

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          Most cited references36

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          Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis.

          J R Warren, B Marshall (1983)
          Article 0 comments Cited 300 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Guidelines for the management of dyspepsia.

            Nicholas J. Talley, , Nimish Vakil (2005)
            Dyspepsia is a chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen; patients with predominant or frequent (more than once a week) heartburn or acid regurgitation, should be considered to have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) until proven otherwise. Dyspeptic patients over 55 yr of age, or those with alarm features should undergo prompt esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). In all other patients, there are two approximately equivalent options: (i) test and treat for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using a validated noninvasive test and a trial of acid suppression if eradication is successful but symptoms do not resolve or (ii) an empiric trial of acid suppression with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 4-8 wk. The test-and-treat option is preferable in populations with a moderate to high prevalence of H. pylori infection (> or =10%); empirical PPI is an initial option in low prevalence situations. If initial acid suppression fails after 2-4 wk, it is reasonable to consider changing drug class or dosing. If the patient fails to respond or relapses rapidly on stopping antisecretory therapy, then the test-and-treat strategy is best applied before consideration of referral for EGD. Prokinetics are not currently recommended as first-line therapy for uninvestigated dyspepsia. EGD is not mandatory in those who remain symptomatic as the yield is low; the decision to endoscope or not must be based on clinical judgement. In patients who do respond to initial therapy, stop treatment after 4-8 wk; if symptoms recur, another course of the same treatment is justified. The management of functional dyspepsia is challenging when initial antisecretory therapy and H. pylori eradication fails. There are very limited data to support the use of low-dose tricyclic antidepressants or psychological treatments in functional dyspepsia.
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              Dyspepsia: organic versus functional.

              Jan Tack, Pantelis Oustamanolakis (2012)
              Dyspepsia is the medical term for difficult digestion. It consists of various symptoms in the upper abdomen, such as fullness, discomfort, early satiation, bloating, heartburn, belching, nausea, vomiting, or pain. The prevalence of dyspepsia in the western world is approximately 20% to 25%. Dyspepsia can be divided into 2 main categories: "organic" and "functional dyspepsia" (FD). Organic causes of dyspepsia are peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or esophageal cancer, pancreatic or biliary disorders, intolerance to food or drugs, and other infectious or systemic diseases. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FD are delayed gastric emptying, impaired gastric accommodation to a meal, hypersensitivity to gastric distension, altered duodenal sensitivity to lipids or acids, altered antroduodenojenunal motility and gastric electrical rhythm, unsuppressed postprandial phasic contractility in the proximal stomach, and autonomic nervous system-central nervous system dysregulation. Pathogenetic factors in FD are genetic predisposition, infection from Helicobacter pylori or other organisms, inflammation, and psychosocial factors. Diagnostic evaluation of dyspepsia includes upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, gastric emptying testing (scintigraphy, breath test, ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging), and gastric accommodation evaluation (magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, single-photon emission computed tomography, and barostat). Antroduodenal manometry can be used for the assessment of the myoelectrical activity of the stomach, whereas sensory function can be evaluated with the barostat, tensostat, and satiety test. Management of FD includes general measures, acid-suppressive drugs, eradication of H. pylori, prokinetic agents, fundus-relaxing drugs, antidepressants, and psychological interventions. This review presents an update on the diagnosis of patients presenting with dyspepsia, with an emphasis on the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of FD and the differential diagnosis with organic causes of dyspepsia. The management of uninvestigated and FD, as well as the established and new pharmaceutical agents, is also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Family Med Prim Care
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Family Med Prim Care
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JFMPC
                Title: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2249-4863
                ISSN (Electronic): 2278-7135
                Publication date (Print): July 2019
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 2202-2206
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Family Medicine Center, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Rami Hamdan Alharbi, R3 Resident in Saudi Board Family Medicine Training Program, Family Medicine Center, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: Rami.H90@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JFMPC-8-2202
                DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_398_19
                PMC ID: 6691427
                PubMed ID: 31463230
                SO-VID: c14ff4a6-fc2f-4780-9757-9c4b2cd1f4ce
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2019 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 15 May 2019
                Date revision received : 15 May 2019
                Date accepted : 03 June 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: adult,gastrointestinal symptoms,helicobacter pylori,prevalence,saudi arabia
                Data availability:
                Keywords: adult, gastrointestinal symptoms, helicobacter pylori, prevalence, saudi arabia

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