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      Análisis de la adherencia farmacológica utilizando la receta electrónica en una farmacia comunitaria: estudio ‘REACT’ Translated title: Analysis of medication adherence using electronic prescriptions in a community pharmacy: ‘REACT’ study

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          Abstract

          Antecedentes

          La falta de adherencia de los pacientes a sus tratamientos tiene un gran impacto tanto clínico como económico. Aunque existen diferentes métodos para medir la adherencia, los estudios retrospectivos son cada vez más utilizados por ser objetivos y menos sensibles a la percepción del paciente, interfiriendo menos en su vida. El sistema de receta electrónica proporciona a la farmacia comunitaria una herramienta útil para llevar a cabo esta investigación.

          Objetivos

          Utilizar el sistema de receta electrónica para medir la adherencia de los pacientes a su medicación crónica, analizando diferentes grupos terapéuticos y la salud mental de los pacientes.

          Métodos

          Se desarrolló un estudio observacional, ambispectivo y longitudinal. La adherencia se evaluó mediante la Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) por paciente y por tratamiento y con el test de Morisky Green Levine. A través del sistema de receta electrónica se obtuvieron datos sobre los medicamentos dispensados a los pacientes durante los últimos 12 meses. Los datos sobre la salud mental de los pacientes se recogieron mediante el cuestionario PHQ-2.

          Resultados

          Se reclutaron un total de 300 pacientes, pero sólo 290 se incluyeron en el análisis. El 25,5 % (IC: 20,6-30,9) se clasificó como polimedicado. El PDC por paciente tuvo una mediana de 0,90 (AI: 0,73-1). Según el cuestionario de Morisky Green Levine, el 57,9 % de los pacientes (IC: 52,0-63,6) eran adherentes a sus tratamientos. La concordancia entre el test de Morisky Green Levine y el PDC fue de kappa=0,086.

          Conclusiones:

          La receta electrónica resultó ser una herramienta útil para conocer la adherencia de la población a sus tratamientos crónicos medida con el PDC.

          Translated abstract

          Background:

          Patients` lack of adherence to pharmacological treatments has a major impact, both clinical and economical. While different methods are used to measure adherence, retrospective studies are being used more frequently as they are more objective, less prone to bias by patient perception and interfere less with patients’ lives. The electronic prescription system provides the community pharmacy with a useful tool to conduct this research.

          Objective:

          To measure the adherence of patients to their chronic medication considering different therapeutic drug groups and their mental health using electronic prescription information available in a database.

          Methods:

          An observational, ambispective and logitudinal study was developed for 300 patients. Adherence was assessed using Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) per patient and per treatment and the Morisky Green Levine test. Data on patients’ dispensed medication for the last 12 months was obtained through the electronic prescription system. Data on patient mental health was gathered using the PHQ-2 screen for depression.

          Results:

          A total of 300 patients were recruited, but only 290 were included in the analysis. 25.5%; [95%CI: 20.6:30.9] were classified as polymedicated. The median PDC per patient was 0.90 (IQR: 0.73 - 1). According to the Morisky Green Levine questionnaire, 57.9% of the patients [95%CI 52.0:63.6] adhered to their treatments. Concurrence between the Morisky Green Levine test and the PDC had a kappa k=0.086.

          Conclusion:

          The electronic prescription turned out to be a useful tool to gain insight into adherence to long-term treatments measured in terms of the PDC.

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          Most cited references27

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          COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence

          Highlights • COVID-19 patients displayed high levels of PTSS and increased levels of depression. • Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. • Higher levels of psychiatric symptoms were found among health care workers. • A decrease in psychological well-being was observed in the general public. • However, well conducted large-scale studies are highly needed.
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            Interventions for enhancing medication adherence.

            People who are prescribed self administered medications typically take only about half their prescribed doses. Efforts to assist patients with adherence to medications might improve the benefits of prescribed medications.
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              A checklist for medication compliance and persistence studies using retrospective databases.

              The increasing number of retrospective database studies related to medication compliance and persistence (C&P), and the inherent variability within each, has created a need for improvement in the quality and consistency of medication C&P research. This article stems from the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) efforts to develop a checklist of items that should be either included, or at least considered, when a retrospective database analysis of medication compliance or persistence is undertaken. This consensus document outlines a systematic approach to designing or reviewing retrospective database studies of medication C&P. Included in this article are discussions on data sources, measures of C&P, results reporting, and even conflict of interests. If followed, this checklist should improve the consistency and quality of C&P analyses, which in turn will help providers and payers understand the impact of C&P on health outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Farm Comunitarios
                Farm Comunitarios
                Farmacéuticos Comunitarios
                Sociedad Española de Farmacia Clínica, Familiar y Comunitaria (España envios@farmaceuticoscomunitarios.org )
                2174-8969
                2173-9218
                2 January 2023
                2 January 2023
                : 15
                : 1
                : 41-55
                Affiliations
                [1] originalDoctora en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Farmacia Comunitaria Amparo Bonilla, Madrid. España
                [2] original Doctora en Farmacia. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid España
                [3] originalDoctora en Medicina. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (I+12), CIBERINFEC. orgnameInstituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre España
                Article
                10.33620/FC.2173-9218.(2023).05
                11326682
                c101359f-c190-483f-8496-a2fcd554a2f3
                Copyright SEFAC. Sociedad Española de Farmacia Clínica, Familiar y Comunitaria. This article is available from url https://www.farmaceuticoscomunitarios.org/.

                This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material.

                History
                : 15 September 2022
                : 18 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 9, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 28
                Categories
                Originales

                adherencia farmacológica,proportion of days covered,receta electrónica,farmacia comunitaria,medication adherence,electronic prescription, community pharmacy

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