Age-associated and breed-associated variations in haematological and biochemical variables in young labrador retriever and miniature schnauzer dogs

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Abstract

Breed, sex and age effects on haematological and biochemical variables were investigated in 24 labrador retriever and 25 miniature schnauzer dogs during the first year of life. Blood samples were taken regularly between weeks 8 and 52. White blood cell and red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, platelet count as well as total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatine and urea were evaluated. For all haematological and biochemical parameters, there were significant effects of age on test results. Statistically significant effects for breed and the breed×age interaction on test results were observed for most of the parameters with the exception of haemoglobin. Variations in test results illustrate growth related alterations in body tissue and metabolism leading to dynamic and marked changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, which have to be considered for the interpretation of clinical data obtained from dogs in the first year of life.

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ASVCP reference interval guidelines: determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics.

Kristen Friedrichs, Kendal E Harr, Kathy Freeman … (2012)

Reference intervals (RI) are an integral component of laboratory diagnostic testing and clinical decision-making and represent estimated distributions of reference values (RV) from healthy populations of comparable individuals. Because decisions to pursue diagnoses or initiate treatment are often based on values falling outside RI, the collection and analysis of RV should be approached with diligence. This report is a condensation of the ASVCP 2011 consensus guidelines for determination of de novo RI in veterinary species, which mirror the 2008 Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations, but with language and examples specific to veterinary species. Newer topics include robust methods for calculating RI from small sample sizes and procedures for outlier detection adapted to data quality. Because collecting sufficient reference samples is challenging, this document also provides recommendations for determining multicenter RI and for transference and validation of RI from other sources (eg, manufacturers). Advice for use and interpretation of subject-based RI is included, as these RI are an alternative to population-based RI when sample size or inter-individual variation is high. Finally, generation of decision limits, which distinguish between populations according to a predefined query (eg, diseased or non-diseased), is described. Adoption of these guidelines by the entire veterinary community will improve communication and dissemination of expected clinical laboratory values in a variety of animal species and will provide a template for publications on RI. This and other reports from the Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards (QALS) committee are intended to promote quality laboratory practices in laboratories serving both clinical and research veterinarians. © 2012 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

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Age-related variations in hematologic and plasma biochemical test results in Beagles and Labrador Retrievers.

R Heaton, R Hackett, Daniel E Harper … (2003)

To investigate age-related variations in results of hematologic and plasma biochemical tests performed on dogs of 2 common breeds. Prospective cohort study. 34 Beagles and 44 Labrador Retrievers. Blood samples were collected throughout the dogs' lives; 589 samples were collected from the Beagles and 964 samples were collected from the Labrador Retrievers (age at the time of sample collection ranged from 22 days to 15 years). White blood cell and RBC counts; hemoglobin concentration; Hct; mean cell volume; mean cell hemoglobin concentration; alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities; and calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, urea, protein, and albumin concentrations were measured. For all tests, there were significant effects of age on test results. There was a significant interaction between age and breed for all tests except hemoglobin, albumin, and phosphorus concentrations. Results suggested that there were age-related changes in hematologic and plasma biochemical test results in these 2 breeds of dogs. Changes were most evident during the first year of life, reflecting growth and maturation of the puppies. In some instances, values for puppies diverged markedly from those for adults, necessitating the use of age-specific reference ranges for the interpretation of clinical data.

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Investigation of hypertriglyceridemia in healthy Miniature Schnauzers.

Panagiotis Xenoulis, Jan Suchodolski, Melinda D Levinski … (2016)

Idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia has been reported in Miniature Schnauzers (MS). However, studies investigating the prevalence of this disorder in a large population of MS are lacking. Hypertriglyceridemia is prevalent in healthy MS. This study used 192 healthy MS and 38 healthy dogs of other breeds (control dogs). Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were measured and statistically compared in both the MS and control group. Dogs were categorized based on their age, and median serum triglyceride concentrations were compared among different age groups. A total of 63 (32.8%) of the 192 MS had serum triglyceride concentrations above the reference range. In contrast, of the 38 control dogs, only 2 (5.3%) had serum triglyceride concentrations above the reference range. The median serum triglyceride concentration in MS was 73.5 mg/dL, which was significantly higher as compared to that of the control group (median, 55 mg/dL; P = .0005). Serum cholesterol concentration was above the reference range in 9 (9.0%) of 100 MS and in 2 (5.3%) of the control dogs. Mean serum cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = .1374). Median serum triglyceride concentrations in MS increased significantly with age (P < .0001), and there was a significant positive correlation between serum triglyceride concentrations and age (Spearman r = 0.47; P < .0001). There was no difference in serum triglyceride concentrations between male and female MS (P = .48). Healthy MS have a high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia as compared to healthy dogs of other breeds. Both the prevalence and severity of hypertriglyceridemia increase with age.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vet Rec Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vet Rec Open

Journal ID (hwp): vetreco

Journal ID (publisher-id): vetreco

Title: Veterinary Record Open

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Electronic): 2052-6113

Publication date Collection: 2016

Publication date (Electronic): 16 May 2016

Volume: 3

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: e000166

Affiliations

[1 ]Mars GmbH , Verden, Germany

[2 ]WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition , Leicestershire, UK

[3 ]Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany

[4 ]Department of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animals, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany

[5 ]Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Thomas Brenten; thomas.brenten@ 123456effem.com

Article

Publisher ID: vetreco-2015-000166

DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2015-000166

PMC ID: 4879334

PubMed ID: 27252875

SO-VID: c0832ffd-153b-44ae-b8db-7e8d2c3e9525

Copyright © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

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This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

History

Date received : 11 December 2015

Date revision received : 4 February 2016

Date accepted : 1 March 2016

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Age-associated and breed-associated variations in haematological and biochemical variables in young labrador retriever and miniature schnauzer dogs

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Animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Most cited references 36

ASVCP reference interval guidelines: determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics.

Age-related variations in hematologic and plasma biochemical test results in Beagles and Labrador Retrievers.

Investigation of hypertriglyceridemia in healthy Miniature Schnauzers.

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