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      Estudo experimental comparativo da ação das neurocinas cardiotrofina-1 e oncostatina-m na regeneração nervosa periférica Translated title: Comparative experimental trial on cardiotrophin-1 and oncostatin-m activity in the peripheral nerve regeneration

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          Abstract

          Os avanços das técnicas microcirúrgicas e o conhecimento detalhado do microambiente da regeneração podem contribuir significativamente na melhoria dos resultados das reparações nervosas periféricas. Nos últimos anos vários autores têm utilizado uma série de tecidos e substâncias interpostos entre os cotos de um nervo periférico seccionado, buscando estimular o crescimento axonal no local da lesão. Através da técnica de tubulização, os autores estudam o efeito de duas neurocinas, a cardiotrofina-1 (CT-1) e a oncostatina-M (OsM), no crescimento axonal e na sobrevida dos neurônios sensitivos nos gânglios da raiz dorsal de L5, após a lesão de nervos ciáticos em camundongos C57BL/6J. Utilizam 3 grupos de 7 animais que tiveram seus nervos seccionados e tubulizados com próteses de polietileno preenchidas com cardiotrofina-1, oncostatina-M e citocromo-C, associadas a um extrato de colágeno. Um quarto grupo de 3 animais, não operados, foi considerado por nós como grupo controle de normalidade. Após 4 semanas da cirurgia, os camundongos foram sacrificados, e realizada a contagem das fibras mielínicas nos cabos de regeneração retirados. Os gânglios das raizes dorsais de L5 também foram dissecados possibilitando a contagem dos neurônios sensitivos. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, permitindo concluir que as duas substâncias, utilizadas por nós, foram efetivas no estímulo ao brotamento axonal, porém, as mesmas não conseguiram impedir a morte dos neurônios sensitivos no gânglio da raiz dorsal de L5.

          Translated abstract

          The advances in microsurgery procedures and the detailed knowledge of regeneration may contribute significantly to the improvement of the results of peripheral nerve repair. In the last years, several authors have used series of tissues and substances interposed between the stumps of the sectioned peripheral nerve, trying to stimulate the axon growth in the lesion site. Using the nerve entubulation technique, the author studied the effect of two neurokines, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and oncostatin M (OsM), in the axonal growth and in the survival rate of sensory neurons of L-5 root ganglion after sciatic nerve lesion in C57BL/6J mice. The author used three groups of five animals that had their sciatic nerve sectioned and repaired with polyethylene tubular prostheses filled with cardiotrophin-1, oncostatin -M or cytochrome-C, dissolved in the collagen extract. The fourth group of three non-operated animals, were used the normal control group. Four weeks after surgery, the mice were sacrificed. The myelinated axons of the removed regenerating nerve cable were counted. The L-5 dorsal root ganglions were also dissected to count sensory neurons. Data were statistically analyzed, which allowed us conclude that both neurokines were effective in causing axonal sprouting, but they could not prevent sensory neuron death in L-5 dorsal root ganglion.

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          Most cited references87

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          Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wide-ranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

          The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations. Its morphological features suggest that it is an active, inherently programmed phenomenon, and it has been shown that it can be initiated or inhibited by a variety of environmental stimuli, both physiological and pathological. The structural changes take place in two discrete stages. The first comprises nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation and breaking up of the cell into a number of membrane-bound, ultrastructurally well-preserved fragments. In the second stage these apoptotic bodies are shed from epithelial-lined surfaces or are taken up by other cells, where they undergo a series of changes resembling in vitro autolysis within phagosomes, and are rapidly degraded by lysosomal enzymes derived from the ingesting cells. Apoptosis seems to be involved in cell turnover in many healthy adult tissues and is responsible for focal elimination of cells during normal embryonic development. It occurs spontaneously in untreated malignant neoplasms, and participates in at least some types of therapeutically induced tumour regression. It is implicated in both physiological involution and atrophy of various tissues and organs. It can also be triggered by noxious agents, both in the embryo and adult animal. Images Fig. 8-10 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 11-14 Fig. 15-18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20-22 Fig. 23 and 24
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            Cytokines and the nervous system. I: Expression and recognition.

            Cytokines are a heterogeneous group of polypeptide mediators that have been associated classically with activation of the immune system and inflammatory responses. An increasing number of related mediators is now included in this category and most of them have been shown to act on a variety of tissues, including the PNS and CNS. Cytokines and their receptors are expressed in tissues of these nervous systems, and might derive from invading immune, or resident, cells. Trauma in peripheral tissues might also induce cytokine-mediated events in the CNS, via either the circulation or secondary induction within the brain. In this first of a two-part review, the general properties, expression and recognition of these cytokines with respect to the nervous system are discussed.
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              Peripheral nerve regeneration.

              C Ide (1996)
              Peripheral nerve regeneration comprises the formation of axonal sprouts, their outgrowth as regenerating axons and the reinnervation of original targets. This review focuses on the morphological features of axonal sprouts at the node of Ranvier and their subsequent outgrowth guided by Schwann cells or by Schwann cell basal laminae. Adhesion molecules such as N-CAM, L1 and N-cadherin are involved in the axon-to-axon and axon-to-Schwann cell attachment, and it is suggested that integrins such as alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 1 mediate the attachment between axons and Schwann cell basal laminae. The presence of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins such as synaptophysin, synaptotagmin and synapsin I in the growth cones of regenerating axons indicates the possibility that exocytotic fusion of vesicles with the surface axolemma supplies the membranous components for the extension of regenerating axons. Almost all the subtypes of protein kinase C have been localized in growth cones both in vivo and in vitro. Protein kinase C and GAP-43 are implicated to be involved in at least some part of the adhesion of growth cones to the substrate and their growth activity. The significance of tyrosine kinase in growth cones is emphasized. Tyrosine kinase plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction of the growth of regenerating axons mediated by both nerve trophic factors and adhesion molecules. Growth factors such as NGF, BDNF, CNTF and bFGF are also discussed mainly in terms of the influence of Schwann cells on regenerating axons.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aob
                Acta Ortopédica Brasileira
                Acta ortop. bras.
                ATHA EDITORA (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1413-7852
                1809-4406
                June 2000
                : 8
                : 2
                : 55-69
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUSP orgdiv1FM orgdiv2HC
                [02] orgnameUSP orgdiv1ICB orgdiv2Departamento de Histologia
                [03] orgnameUSP orgdiv1ICB
                Article
                S1413-78522000000200001 S1413-7852(00)00800201
                c02977cb-ed13-4a54-adae-dcc2380aaa8f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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