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      The impact of preventive behaviors on self-rated health, depression symptoms, and daily functioning among middle-aged and elderly Chinese: An empirical study

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          With the intensifying issue of an aging population, the health of middle-aged and elderly individuals garners increased attention. Preventive behaviors are pivotal in enhancing life quality and extending healthy living. This study examines the effects of preventive behaviors on self-rated health, depression, and daily functioning among these populations.

          Materials and methods

          Drawing on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this research applies a panel ordered probability model to scrutinize the influence of preventive behaviors on health outcomes among middle-aged and elderly populations. It utilizes self-rated health, depression, and daily functioning as pivotal health indicators to assess the effects.

          Results

          Preventive behaviors exert a significant impact on self-assessed health and daily functioning among middle-aged and elderly populations. Engagement in social activities effectively reduces depression symptoms. Primary preventive measures, including physical and social activities, enhance health outcomes through medical consultations. Conversely, secondary preventive actions, such as undergoing physical examinations, facilitate early detection of diseases, enabling timely intervention and health advisories. It is noteworthy that individuals with higher incomes derive lesser benefits from these physical or social endeavors.

          Conclusion

          Sociodemographic determinants such as age, income, and educational attainment significantly modulate the efficacy of preventive behaviors on the health outcomes of middle-aged and elderly populations. This research underscores the pivotal role of physical examination services within primary healthcare frameworks and advocates for the tailoring of health promotion strategies to the accessible social needs and engagements of economically and educationally disadvantaged seniors.

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          Most cited references64

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          Self-Rated Health and Mortality: A Review of Twenty-Seven Community Studies

          Ellen L Idler, Yael Benyamini (1997)
          Article 0 comments Cited 603 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale).

            E M Andresen, J. A. Malmgren, W B Carter … (1994)
            We derived and tested a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for reliability and validity among a sample of well older adults in a large Health Maintenance Organization. The 10-item screening questionnaire, the CESD-10, showed good predictive accuracy when compared to the full-length 20-item version of the CES-D (kappa = .97, P or = 16 for the full-length questionnaire and > or = 10 for the 10-item version. We discuss other potential cutoff values. The CESD-10 showed an expected positive correlation with poorer health status scores (r = .37) and a strong negative correlation with positive affect (r = -.63). Retest correlations for the CESD-10 were comparable to those in other studies (r = .71). We administered the CESD-10 again after 12 months, and scores were stable with strong correlation of r = .59.
            Article 0 comments Cited 528 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys

              Saba Moussavi, Somnath Chatterji, Emese Verdes … (2007)
              Depression is an important public-health problem, and one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Depression is often comorbid with other chronic diseases and can worsen their associated health outcomes. Few studies have explored the effect of depression, alone or as a comorbidity, on overall health status. The WHO World Health Survey (WHS) studied adults aged 18 years and older to obtain data for health, health-related outcomes, and their determinants. Prevalence of depression in respondents based on ICD-10 criteria was estimated. Prevalence values for four chronic physical diseases--angina, arthritis, asthma, and diabetes--were also estimated using algorithms derived via a Diagnostic Item Probability Study. Mean health scores were constructed using factor analysis and compared across different disease states and demographic variables. The relation of these disease states to mean health scores was determined through regression modelling. Observations were available for 245 404 participants from 60 countries in all regions of the world. Overall, 1-year prevalence for ICD-10 depressive episode alone was 3.2% (95% CI 3.0-3.5); for angina 4.5% (4.3-4.8); for arthritis 4.1% (3.8-4.3); for asthma 3.3% (2.9-3.6); and for diabetes 2.0% (1.8-2.2). An average of between 9.3% and 23.0% of participants with one or more chronic physical disease had comorbid depression. This result was significantly higher than the likelihood of having depression in the absence of a chronic physical disease (p<0.0001). After adjustment for socioeconomic factors and health conditions, depression had the largest effect on worsening mean health scores compared with the other chronic conditions. Consistently across countries and different demographic characteristics, respondents with depression comorbid with one or more chronic diseases had the worst health scores of all the disease states. Depression produces the greatest decrement in health compared with the chronic diseases angina, arthritis, asthma, and diabetes. The comorbid state of depression incrementally worsens health compared with depression alone, with any of the chronic diseases alone, and with any combination of chronic diseases without depression. These results indicate the urgency of addressing depression as a public-health priority to reduce disease burden and disability, and to improve the overall health of populations.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yuehong Zhang:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9737-4138
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Wenbin Zang: Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Manxia Tian: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Yumiao Zhang: Role: Writing – original draft
                Petri Böckerman: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLOS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 July 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0305672
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
                [2 ] Hebei Aademy of Social Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
                University of Jyvaskyla, FINLAND
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9737-4138
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-23-39972
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305672
                PMC ID: 11251623
                PubMed ID: 39012873
                SO-VID: bfac5b30-926c-41f3-b95d-89165c9ec6c0
                Copyright © © 2024 Zhang et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 5 December 2023
                Date accepted : 3 June 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 8, Pages: 15
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Geriatric Care
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Subject: Mood Disorders
                Subject: Depression
                Subject: Geriatric Depression
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Geriatrics
                Subject: Geriatric Psychiatry
                Subject: Geriatric Depression
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Subject: Geriatric Psychiatry
                Subject: Geriatric Depression
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Physical Activity
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Subject: Mood Disorders
                Subject: Depression
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: China
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability The data used in this paper come from CHARLS, a publicly available microdatabase in China, the resources of which are publicly available. The links to the access sites are listed below: https://charls.pku.edu.cn/.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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