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      Differences in Multi-Dimensional Well-Being Among Factory Workers: Evidence from Six Countries

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          Abstract

          This paper presents cross-cultural comparisons of well-being among factory workers, as measured by the six well-being domains of happiness and life satisfaction, physical and mental health, meaning and purpose, character and virtue, close social relationships, and financial and material stability. Relative ranks of well-being domains across examined groups of workers are also compared. Results are based on survey data from factory workers in Cambodia, China, Mexico, Poland, Sri Lanka, and the United States. Average well-being scores are higher among factory workers in Mexico, China, and Cambodia than in the U.S., Poland, and Sri Lanka across all domains except financial and material stability. Close social relationships were the highest ranked domain in Cambodia and China but ranked much lower (5th) in the U.S. Meaning and purpose, as well as character and virtue were highly ranked across the board. Strong social relationships seem to thrive in contexts where financial insecurity is high.

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          Most cited references86

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          New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings

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            The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life.

            This paper introduces and applies an operationalization of mental health as a syndrome of symptoms of positive feelings and positive functioning in life. Dimensions and scales of subjective well-being are reviewed and conceived of as mental health symptoms. A diagnosis of the presence of mental health, described as flourishing, and the absence of mental health, characterized as languishing, is applied to data from the 1995 Midlife in the United States study of adults between the ages of 25 and 74 (n = 3,032). Findings revealed that 17.2 percent fit the criteria for flourishing, 56.6 percent were moderately mentally healthy, 12.1 percent of adults fit the criteria for languishing, and 14.1 percent fit the criteria for DSM-III-R major depressive episode (12-month), of which 9.4 percent were not languishing and 4.7 percent were also languishing. The risk of a major depressive episode was two times more likely among languishing than moderately mentally healthy adults, and nearly six times greater among languishing than flourishing adults. Multivariate analyses revealed that languishing and depression were associated with significant psychosocial impairment in terms of perceived emotional health, limitations of activities of daily living, and workdays lost or cutback. Flourishing and moderate mental health were associated with superior profiles of psychosocial functioning. The descriptive epidemiology revealed that males, older adults, more educated individuals, and married adults were more likely to be mentally healthy. Implications for the conception of mental health and the treatment and prevention of mental illness are discussed.
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              Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health.

              The Commission on Social Determinants of Health, created to marshal the evidence on what can be done to promote health equity and to foster a global movement to achieve it, is a global collaboration of policy makers, researchers, and civil society, led by commissioners with a unique blend of political, academic, and advocacy experience. The focus of attention is on countries at all levels of income and development. The commission launched its final report on August 28, 2008. This paper summarises the key findings and recommendations; the full list is in the final report.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                pbialowolski@kozminski.edu.pl
                matthew_t_lee@baylor.edu
                doweziak@iq.harvard.edu
                yingchen@fas.harvard.edu
                rcowden@fas.harvard.edu
                emcneely@hsph.harvard.edu
                tvanderw@hsph.harvard.edu
                Journal
                Appl Res Qual Life
                Appl Res Qual Life
                Applied Research in Quality of Life
                Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                1871-2584
                1871-2576
                25 May 2023
                25 May 2023
                : 1-22
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.445608.b, ISNI 0000 0001 1781 5917, Department of Economics, , Kozminski University, ; Warsaw, Poland
                [2 ]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, , Harvard University, ; Cambridge, MA, US
                [3 ]GRID grid.252890.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2111 2894, Institute for Studies of Religion, , Baylor University, ; Waco, US
                [4 ]GRID grid.5522.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2162 9631, Center for Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies, Faculty of Philosophy, , Jagiellonian University, ; Kraków, Poland
                [5 ]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, SHINE, Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, , Harvard University, ; Cambridge, MA, US
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-0107
                Article
                10181
                10.1007/s11482-023-10181-0
                10209924
                be5bdc37-a922-480c-aac8-41482c34b028
                © The Author(s) 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 21 December 2022
                : 14 May 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000867, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation;
                Award ID: 74275 ‘Building a Culture of Health: A Business Leadership Imperative’ and ‘4322- Engaging Business in A Broad Impact Community-Based Well-Being’
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100003601, Aetna;
                Award ID: Well-Being Research Program A33796
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001355, Levi Strauss and Co.;
                Award ID: grant No. 44057265 ‘The Impact of new work designs on worker wellbeing – Plock, Poland Factory Workers’ and ‘Follow up of Well-being measures in Mexico, China, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka’
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000925, John Templeton Foundation;
                Award ID: grant No. 61075 ‘Advancing health, religion, and spirituality research from public health to end of life’
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Norwegian Financial Mechanism
                Award ID: UMO-2020/37/K/HS6/02772
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article

                Health & Social care
                social relationships,financial security,health,meaning and purpose in life,character and virtue,well-being

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