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      Blocking mu-opioid receptors inhibits social bonding in rituals

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          Abstract

          Religious rituals are universal human practices that play a seminal role in community bonding. In two experiments, we tested the role of mu-opioids as the active factor fostering social bonding. We used a mu-opioid blocker (naltrexone) in two double-blind studies of rituals from different religious traditions. We found the same effect across both studies, with naltrexone leading to significantly lower social bonding compared with placebo. These studies suggest that mu-opioids play a significant role in experiences of social bonding within ritual contexts.

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          Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness.

          Arthur Aron, Elaine Aron, Danny Smollan (1992)
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            nparLD: AnRSoftware Package for the Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Factorial Experiments

            Kimihiro Noguchi, Yulia R. Gel, Edgar Brunner … (2012)
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              Toward a psychology of Homo sapiens: Making psychological science more representative of the human population

              Mostafa Salari Rad, Alison Jane Martingano, Jeremy Ginges (2018)
              Two primary goals of psychological science should be to understand what aspects of human psychology are universal and the way that context and culture produce variability. This requires that we take into account the importance of culture and context in the way that we write our papers and in the types of populations that we sample. However, most research published in our leading journals has relied on sampling WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations. One might expect that our scholarly work and editorial choices would by now reflect the knowledge that Western populations may not be representative of humans generally with respect to any given psychological phenomenon. However, as we show here, almost all research published by one of our leading journals, Psychological Science , relies on Western samples and uses these data in an unreflective way to make inferences about humans in general. To take us forward, we offer a set of concrete proposals for authors, journal editors, and reviewers that may lead to a psychological science that is more representative of the human condition.
              Article 0 comments Cited 177 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biol Lett
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biol Lett
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RSBL
                Journal ID (hwp): roybiolett
                Title: Biology Letters
                Publisher: The Royal Society
                ISSN (Print): 1744-9561
                ISSN (Electronic): 1744-957X
                Publication date (Print): October 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 October 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 14 October 2020
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 20200485
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Brain, Belief, and Behaviour lab; Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University , Cheetah Road, Coventry CV1 2TL, UK
                [2 ]Traditional Yoga Association , Reading RG30 3DW, UK
                [3 ]Department of Mental Health, Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS, UK
                [4 ]International Society for Science and Religion , Cambridge, UK
                [5 ]Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford , UK
                Author notes

                Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5173251.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-1141
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-795X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-7365
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-9702
                Article
                Publisher ID: rsbl20200485
                DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0485
                PMC ID: 7655482
                PubMed ID: 33050833
                SO-VID: bd7a3a30-3494-4aa0-ade3-0c1f982f7398
                Copyright © © 2020 The Authors.
                License:

                Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 26 June 2020
                Date accepted : 21 September 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Templeton Religion Trust, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013437;
                Award ID: 0153
                Categories
                Subject: 1001
                Subject: 14
                Subject: 42
                Subject: 15
                Subject: 133
                Subject: Neurobiology
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                cover-date October, 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: mu-opioids,social bonding,naltrexone,ritual,ritual bonding
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: mu-opioids, social bonding, naltrexone, ritual, ritual bonding

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