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      Tratamiento de las fracturas abiertas de tibia con pérdida de tejido óseo Translated title: Treatment of the tibia open fractures with loss of osseous tissue

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          Abstract

          Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y actualización sobre la etiología, clasificaciones actuales disponibles y métodos de tratamientos quirúrgicos de las pérdidas de tejidos óseos, como consecuencias de las lesiones traumáticas en las fracturas abiertas de la tibia. Con el objetivo de resumir y facilitar el estudio de este engorroso tema a residentes y especialitas de Ortopedia y Traumatología. En la clasificación se profundizó en los criterios de la Asociación para el Trauma Ortopédico. Con las formas y métodos de tratamientos, se aclaran las ventajas y desventajas de cada método entre los que se encuentran: la fijación intramedular, el uso de placas AO, fijadores externos e injertos libres o vascularizados del peroné. Al finalizar proponemos un algoritmo para el manejo de esta complicación en relación a la magnitud de los defectos óseos mayores o menores de seis centímetros y se emiten las conclusiones del trabajo.

          Translated abstract

          A bibliographical revision and updating on etiology, current available classifications and methods of surgical treatments of the losses of osseous tissues was performed, as consequences of traumatic lesions in the tibia open fractures. With the objective of to summarize and to facilitate the study from this troublesome topic to residents and especialits of Orthopedics and Traumatology. In the classification it was deepened in the approaches of the Association for the Orthopedic Trauma. With the forms and methods of treatments, they clear up the advantages and disadvantages of each method among those that are: the intramedullary fixation, the use of AO plates, external fixators and free or vascularized grafts of the fibula. When concluding we propose an algorithm for the management of this complication in relation to the magnitude of the osseous bigger or smaller defects of six centimeters and the conclusions of the work are emitted.

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          Most cited references26

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          The management of fractures with bone loss.

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            One-stage reconstruction of composite bone and soft-tissue defects in traumatic lower extremities.

            Management of bone loss that occurs after severe trauma of open lower extremity fractures continues to challenge reconstructive surgeons. Sixty-one patients who had 62 traumatic open lower extremity fractures and combined bone and composite soft-tissue defects were treated with the following protocol: extensive debridement of necrotic tissues, eradication of infection, and vascularization of osteocutaneous tissue for one-stage bone and soft-tissue coverage reconstruction. The mechanism of injury included 49 motorcycle accidents (80.3 percent), five falls (8.2 percent), three crush injuries (4.9 percent), two pedestrian-automobile accidents (3.3 percent), and two motor vehicle accidents (3.3 percent). The bone defects were located in the tibia in 49 patients (79 percent; one patient had bilateral open tibial fractures), in the femur in seven patients (11.3 percent), in the calcaneus bone in four patients (6.5 percent), and in the metatarsal bones in two patients (3.2 percent). The size of soft-tissue defects ranged from 5 x 9 cm to 30 x 17 cm. The average length of the preoperative bony defect was 11.7 cm. The average duration from injury to one-stage reconstruction was 27.1 days, and the average number of previous extensive debridement procedures was 3.4. Fifty patients had vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flaps, six had vascularized iliac osteocutaneous flaps, and five patients had seven combined vascularized rib transfers with serratus anterior muscle and/or latissimus dorsi muscle transfers. One patient received a second combined rib flap because the first combined rib flap failed. The rate of complete flap survival was 88.9 percent (56 of 63 flaps). Two combined vascularized rib transfers with serratus anterior muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle flaps were lost totally (3.2 percent) because of arterial thrombosis and deep infection, respectively. Partial skin flap losses were encountered in the five fibula osteoseptocutaneous flaps (7.9 percent). Postoperative infection for this one-stage reconstruction was 7.9 percent. Excluding the failed flap and the infected/amputated limb, the primary bony union rate after successful free vascularized bone grafting was 88.5 percent (54 of 61 transfers). The average primary union time was 6.9 months. The overall union rate was 96.7 percent (59 of 61 transfers). The average time to overall union was 8.5 months after surgery. Seven transferred vascularized bones had stress fractures, for a rate of 11.5 percent. Donor-site problems were noted in six fibular flaps, in two iliac flaps, and in one rib flap. The fibular donor-site problems were foot drop in one patient, superficial peroneal nerve palsy in one patient, contracture of the flexor hallucis longus muscle in two patients, and skin necrosis after split-thickness skin grafting in two patients. The iliac flap donor-site problems were temporary flank pain in one patient and lateral thigh numbness in the other. One rib flap transfer patient had pleural fibrosis. Transfer of the appropriate combination of vascularized bone and soft-tissue flap with a one-stage procedure provides complex lower extremity defects with successful functional results that are almost equal to the previously reported microsurgical staged procedures and conventional techniques.
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              Treatment of proximal tibia fractures using the less invasive stabilization system: surgical experience and early clinical results in 77 fractures.

              To summarize the surgical experience and clinical results of the first 89 fractures of the proximal tibia treated with the Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS; Synthes, Paoli, PA). Retrospective analysis of prospectively enrolled patients into a database. Academic level I trauma center. Eighty-seven consecutive patients with 89 proximal tibia fractures (AO/OTA type 41 and proximal type 42 fractures) treated by 2 surgeons. Seventy-five patients with 77 fractures were followed until union. The mean follow-up was 14 months (range: 3-35 months). There were 55 closed fractures and 22 open fractures. Surgical reduction and fixation of fractures, followed by rehabilitation. Perioperative and postoperative complications, postoperative alignment, loss of fixation, time to full weight bearing, radiographic union, and range of motion. Seventy of 77 fractures healed without major complications (91%). There were 2 early losses of proximal fixation, 2 nonunions, 2 deep delayed infections, and 1 deep peroneal nerve palsy. Other complications included a superficial wound infection and 3 seromas. Postoperative malalignment occurred in 7 patients with 6 degrees to 10 degrees of angular deformity (6 flexion/extension and 1 varus/valgus malalignments), and an eighth patient had a 15 degrees flexion deformity. In 4 patients, the hardware was removed at an average of 13 months because of irritation (5%). The mean time for allowance of full weight bearing was 12.6 weeks (range: 6-21 weeks), and the mean range of final knee motion was 1 degrees to 122 degrees . The LISS provides stable fixation (97%), a high rate of union (97%), and a low (4%) rate of infection for proximal tibial fractures. The technique requires the successful use of new and unfamiliar surgical principles to effect an accurate reduction and acceptable rate of malalignment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amc
                Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey
                Arch méd Camagüey
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey (Camagüey, , Cuba )
                1025-0255
                August 2009
                : 13
                : 4
                Affiliations
                [01] Camaguey orgnameHospital Militar Clínico Quirúrgico de Ejército Dr Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Cuba
                Article
                S1025-02552009000400010 S1025-0255(09)01300410
                bd5cddbc-13c0-46b1-8380-ec7c4f125df6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 July 2008
                : 29 February 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos de Revisión

                Pérdida de Sustancia Ósea,loss of osseous substance,Diagnosis,Etiology,Diagnóstico,Etiología

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