Distribution of the Bari-I transposable element in stable hybrid strains between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans and in Brazilian populations of these species

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Abstract

We analyzed the distribution of the Bari-I transposable element in Drosophila melanogaster (IN(1)AB), its sibling species Drosophila simulans (C167.4) and in eight hybrid strains derived from initial crosses involving D. simulans females and D. melanogaster males of the above cited strains as well as in Brazilian populations of these species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data showed the presence of the Bari-I element among species populations and hybrid strains. Hybridization with a 703 bp probe homologous to the Bari-I sequence showed that the number of Bari-I copies in D. melanogaster IN(1)AB was higher than in D. simulans C167.4 strains. Hybrid strains presented Bari-I sequences related to both parental species. In addition some strains displayed a Bari-I sequence that came from D. melanogaster, suggesting introgression of D. melanogaster genetic material in the background of D. simulans. In contrast, some hybrids showed deletions of D. simulans Bari-I sequences.

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Structures of P transposable elements and their sites of insertion and excision in the Drosophila melanogaster genome.

G Rubin, Justin O'Hare (1983)

We have isolated and characterized several members of the P transposable element family from a Drosophila melanogaster P strain. Large 2.9 kb elements are present as multiple highly conserved copies together with smaller (0.5-1.6 kb), heterogeneous elements. The complete DNA sequences of the 2.9 kb element and four small elements (previously isolated from hybrid-dysgenesis-induced mutations of the white locus) have been determined. Each small element appears to have arisen from the 2.9 kb element by a different internal deletion. P elements have 31 bp perfect inverse terminal repeats and upon insertion duplicate an 8 bp sequence found only once at the site of insertion. Three of the insertions into the white locus occurred at the same nucleotide, indicating a high degree of local site specificity for insertion. The basis of this specificity has been investigated by DNA sequence analysis of the sites where 18 P elements are found. A revertant of one of the white locus mutants has been found to result from precise excision of the P element, restoring the wild-type DNA sequence.

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Biochemical and cellular determinants of bleomycin cytotoxicity.

B I Sikic (1986)

Bleomycin is a mixture of cytotoxic glycopeptides which function as mininucleases, binding to DNA and producing single and double strand breaks by the formation of an activated oxygen complex. Bleomycin is an effective agent against a few human cancers, notably lymphomas, testicular and ovarian germ cell cancers and certain squamous carcinomas. Most human cancers are resistant to bleomycin a priori, however, and those which are initially sensitive frequently develop resistance to the drug during therapy. Several potential modes of resistance to bleomycin have been identified in cell culture and animal tumour models, although their relative importance in determining the responsiveness of human cancers to the drug is not well understood. Bleomycin is selectively toxic to cells in the M and G2 phases of the cell cycle, and generally more effective against actively dividing rather than resting cells. Thus, the cytokinetic state of the tumour cell population is an important determinant of drug activity. Oxygen is an essential substrate for bleomycin's action, with the degree of cytotoxicity directly related to ambient oxygen. Both acutely and chronically hypoxic cells form a substantial fraction of the cell population of many tumours, and may serve as a reservoir of cells resistant to bleomycin on this epigenetic basis. Metabolic inactivation of bleomycin is a mechanism of resistance to the drug in some cells and may influence toxicity in normal tissues. Bleomycin hydrolase activity is low in lungs and skin, the two major sites of normal tissue toxicities, and levels of this enzyme have been elevated in some but not all tumour cell lines selected for resistance to bleomycin. The capacity to repair or withstand single and double strand DNA breaks may also be an important determinant of resistance to the drug. Most yeast and mammalian cell mutants, which are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation because of defects in DNA repair, are also more sensitive to bleomycin than wild-type cells. A number of agents which interact with membranes or inhibit DNA repair, such as ethanol, lidocaine, verapamil and caffeine, have been reported to sensitize cells to bleomycin in vitro.

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High rate of horizontal transfer of transposable elements in Drosophila.

Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia, Xulio Maside, Brian Charlesworth (2005)

We have conducted molecular population genetics analyses to understand the relationships among the transposable elements (TEs) in Drosophila melanogaster, in combination with sequence comparisons of TEs from two related species, D. simulans and D. yakuba. We observed much lower than expected genetic differences among elements, clear evidence for departure from expectations for equilibrium copy numbers and little divergence between species. This suggests that a large proportion of TEs in D. melanogaster had a recent origin as a result of interspecies movement.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): gmb

Title: Genetics and Molecular Biology

Abbreviated Title: Genet. Mol. Biol.

Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 1415-4757

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4685

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2007

Volume: 30

Issue: 3

Pages: 676-680

Affiliations

[02] São José do Rio Preto SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas orgdiv2Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais Brazil

[01] São José do Rio Preto SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas orgdiv2Departamento de Biologia Brazil

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Publisher ID: S1415-47572007000400028 Publisher ID: S1415-4757(07)03000328

DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572007000400028

SO-VID: bd173069-d058-46ab-b06c-bec60c745c91

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

History

Date received : 29 June 2006

Date accepted : 31 January 2007

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 5

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Distribution of the Bari-I transposable element in stable hybrid strains between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans and in Brazilian populations of these species

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Most cited references 22

Structures of P transposable elements and their sites of insertion and excision in the Drosophila melanogaster genome.

Biochemical and cellular determinants of bleomycin cytotoxicity.

High rate of horizontal transfer of transposable elements in Drosophila.

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