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      Microfiber-Based Bragg Gratings for Sensing Applications: A Review

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          Abstract

          Microfiber-based Bragg gratings (MFBGs) are an emerging concept in ultra-small optical fiber sensors. They have attracted great attention among researchers in the fiber sensing area because of their large evanescent field and compactness. In this review, the basic techniques for the fabrication of MFBGs are introduced first. Then, the sensing properties and applications of MFBGs are discussed, including measurement of refractive index (RI), temperature, and strain/force. Finally a summary of selected MFBG sensing elements from previous literature are tabulated.

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          Most cited references69

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          Fiber grating spectra

          T Erdogan (1997)
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            Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding.

            Silica waveguides with diameters larger than the wavelength of transmitted light are widely used in optical communications, sensors and other applications. Minimizing the width of the waveguides is desirable for photonic device applications, but the fabrication of low-loss optical waveguides with subwavelength diameters remains challenging because of strict requirements on surface roughness and diameter uniformity. Here we report the fabrication of subwavelength-diameter silica 'wires' for use as low-loss optical waveguides within the visible to near-infrared spectral range. We use a two-step drawing process to fabricate long free-standing silica wires with diameters down to 50 nm that show surface smoothness at the atomic level together with uniformity of diameter. Light can be launched into these wires by optical evanescent coupling. The wires allow single-mode operation, and have an optical loss of less than 0.1 dB mm(-1). We believe that these wires provide promising building blocks for future microphotonic devices with subwavelength-width structures.
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              Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                1424-8220
                2012
                27 June 2012
                : 12
                : 7
                : 8861-8876
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: koujunlong2006@ 123456163.com (J.K.); xf1997@ 123456163.com (J.F.); yqlu@ 123456nju.edu.cn (Y.L.)
                [2 ] Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; E-Mails: md20g09@ 123456orc.soton.ac.uk (M.D.); gb2@ 123456orc.soton.ac.uk (G.B.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: feixu@ 123456nju.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-25-836-860-53; Fax: +86-25-835-946-68.
                Article
                sensors-12-08861
                10.3390/s120708861
                3444080
                23012522
                bc756e1f-1093-4f79-ad57-2d51a5bd49f5
                © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 27 April 2012
                : 24 May 2012
                : 15 June 2012
                Categories
                Review

                Biomedical engineering
                strain,optical fiber component,microfiber,refractive index,sensor,optical fabrication,focused ion beam,grating,temperature,force

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