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      Acute Stress Suppresses Synaptic Inhibition and Increases Anxiety via Endocannabinoid Release in the Basolateral Amygdala

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          Abstract

          Stress and glucocorticoids stimulate the rapid mobilization of endocannabinoids in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Cannabinoid receptors in the BLA contribute to anxiogenesis and fear-memory formation. We tested for rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid regulation of synaptic inhibition in the rat BLA. Glucocorticoid application to amygdala slices elicited a rapid, nonreversible suppression of spontaneous, but not evoked, GABAergic synaptic currents in BLA principal neurons; the effect was also seen with a membrane-impermeant glucocorticoid, but not with intracellular glucocorticoid application, implicating a membrane-associated glucocorticoid receptor. The glucocorticoid suppression of GABA currents was not blocked by antagonists of nuclear corticosteroid receptors, or by inhibitors of gene transcription or protein synthesis, but was blocked by inhibiting postsynaptic G-protein activity, suggesting a postsynaptic nongenomic steroid signaling mechanism that stimulates the release of a retrograde messenger. The rapid glucocorticoid-induced suppression of inhibition was prevented by blocking CB1 receptors and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) synthesis, and it was mimicked and occluded by CB1 receptor agonists, indicating it was mediated by the retrograde release of the endocannabinoid 2-AG. The rapid glucocorticoid effect in BLA neurons in vitro was occluded by prior in vivo acute stress-induced, or prior in vitro glucocorticoid-induced, release of endocannabinoid. Acute stress also caused an increase in anxiety-like behavior that was attenuated by blocking CB1 receptor activation and inhibiting 2-AG synthesis in the BLA. Together, these findings suggest that acute stress causes a long-lasting suppression of synaptic inhibition in BLA neurons via a membrane glucocorticoid receptor-induced release of 2-AG at GABA synapses, which contributes to stress-induced anxiogenesis.

          SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We provide a cellular mechanism in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) for the rapid stress regulation of anxiogenesis in rats. We demonstrate a nongenomic glucocorticoid induction of long-lasting suppression of synaptic inhibition that is mediated by retrograde endocannabinoid release at GABA synapses. The rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid suppression of synaptic inhibition is initiated by a membrane-associated glucocorticoid receptor in BLA principal neurons. We show that acute stress increases anxiety-like behavior via an endocannabinoid-dependent mechanism centered in the BLA. The stress-induced endocannabinoid modulation of synaptic transmission in the BLA contributes, therefore, to the stress regulation of anxiety, and may play a role in anxiety disorders of the amygdala.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Neurosci
          J. Neurosci
          jneuro
          jneurosci
          J. Neurosci
          The Journal of Neuroscience
          Society for Neuroscience
          0270-6474
          1529-2401
          10 August 2016
          10 February 2017
          : 36
          : 32
          : 8461-8470
          Affiliations
          [1] 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and
          [2] 2Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and
          [3] 3Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
          Author notes
          Correspondence should be addressed to either Jeffrey Tasker or Shi Di, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 2000 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118. tasker@ 123456tulane.edu or sdi@ 123456tulane.edu

          Author contributions: N.W.G. and J.G.T. designed research; S.D., C.A.I., M.O.F., J.S., and E.A.R. performed research; S.D., C.A.I., and E.A.R. analyzed data; S.D., N.W.G., and J.G.T. wrote the paper.

          Author information
          http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-5577
          http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-1686
          http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5842-4189
          http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-4199
          Article
          PMC4978804 PMC4978804 4978804 2279-15
          10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2279-15.2016
          4978804
          27511017
          bc492e02-1b7d-4f9b-8f23-7c3e131ec90c
          Copyright © 2016 the authors 0270-6474/16/368461-10$15.00/0
          History
          : 12 June 2015
          : 18 June 2016
          : 25 June 2016
          Categories
          Articles
          Systems/Circuits

          amygdala,cannabinoid,CB1,corticosteroid,GABA,glucocorticoid,LTD
          amygdala, cannabinoid, CB1, corticosteroid, GABA, glucocorticoid, LTD

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