Non-invasive measurement of leaf water content and pressure–volume curves using terahertz radiation

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Abstract

In this paper we describe a non-invasive method of measuring leaf water content using THz radiation and combine this with psychrometry for determination of leaf pressure–volume relationships. In contrast to prior investigations using THz radiation to measure plant water status, the reported method exploits the differential absorption characteristic of THz radiation at multiple frequencies within plant leaves to determine absolute water content in real-time. By combining the THz system with a psychrometer, pressure–volume curves were generated in a completely automated fashion for the determination of leaf tissue water relations parameters including water potential at turgor loss, osmotic potential at full turgor and the relative water content at the turgor loss point. This novel methodology provides for repeated, non-destructive measurement of leaf water content and greatly increased efficiency in generation of leaf PV curves by reducing user handling time.

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Sap Pressure in Vascular Plants: Negative hydrostatic pressure can be measured in plants.

P F Scholander, E D Bradstreet, E A Hemmingsen … (1965)

A method is described which permits measurement of sap pressure in the xylem of vascular plants. As long predicted, sap pressures during transpiration are normally negative, ranging from -4 or -5 atmospheres in a damp forest to -80 atmospheres in the desert. Mangroves and other halophytes maintain at all times a sap pressure of -35 to -60 atmospheres. Mistletoes have greater suction than their hosts, usually by 10 to 20 atmospheres. Diurnal cycles of 10 to 20 atmospheres are common. In tall conifers there is a hydrostatic pressure gradient that closely corresponds to the height and seems surprisingly little influenced by the intensity of transpiration. Sap extruded from the xylem by gas pressure on the leaves is practically pure water. At zero turgor this procedure gives a linear relation between the intracellular concentration and the tension of the xylem.

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The modified Beer-Lambert law revisited.

P Herman, L Kocsis, Uzoamaka A Eke (2006)

The modified Beer-Lambert law (MBLL) is the basis of continuous-wave near-infrared tissue spectroscopy (cwNIRS). The differential form of MBLL (dMBLL) states that the change in light attenuation is proportional to the changes in the concentrations of tissue chromophores, mainly oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin. If attenuation changes are measured at two or more wavelengths, concentration changes can be calculated. The dMBLL is based on two assumptions: (1) the absorption of the tissue changes homogeneously, and (2) the scattering loss is constant. It is known that absorption changes are usually inhomogeneous, and therefore dMBLL underestimates the changes in concentrations (partial volume effect) and every calculated value is influenced by the change in the concentration of other chromophores (cross-talk between chromophores). However, the error introduced by the second assumption (cross-talk of scattering changes) has not been assessed previously. An analytically treatable special case (semi-infinite, homogeneous medium, with optical properties of the cerebral cortex) is utilized here to estimate its order of magnitude. We show that the per cent change of the transport scattering coefficient and that of the absorption coefficient have an approximately equal effect on the changes of attenuation, and a 1% increase in scattering increases the estimated concentration changes by about 0.5 microM.

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The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: a global meta-analysis.

Megan K Bartlett, Christine Scoffoni, Lawren Sack (2012)

Increasing drought is one of the most critical challenges facing species and ecosystems worldwide, and improved theory and practices are needed for quantification of species tolerances. Leaf water potential at turgor loss, or wilting (π(tlp) ), is classically recognised as a major physiological determinant of plant water stress response. However, the cellular basis of π(tlp) and its importance for predicting ecological drought tolerance have been controversial. A meta-analysis of 317 species from 72 studies showed that π(tlp) was strongly correlated with water availability within and across biomes, indicating power for anticipating drought responses. We derived new equations giving both π(tlp) and relative water content at turgor loss point (RWC(tlp) ) as explicit functions of osmotic potential at full turgor (π(o) ) and bulk modulus of elasticity (ε). Sensitivity analyses and meta-analyses showed that π(o) is the major driver of π(tlp) . In contrast, ε plays no direct role in driving drought tolerance within or across species, but sclerophylly and elastic adjustments act to maintain RWC(tlp,) preventing cell dehydration, and additionally protect against nutrient, mechanical and herbivory stresses independent of drought tolerance. These findings clarify biogeographic trends and the underlying basis of drought tolerance parameters with applications in comparative assessments of species and ecosystems worldwide. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Andrew J. Lee: andrew.lee@mq.edu.au

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 3 December 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 3 December 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 21028

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.1004.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2158 5405, MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, , Macquarie University, ; North Ryde, NSW 2109 Australia

[2 ]GRID grid.1029.a, ISNI 0000 0000 9939 5719, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, , University of Western Sydney, ; Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia

[3 ]GRID grid.135519.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0446 2659, Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Science Division, , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ; Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA

Article

Publisher ID: 78154

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78154-z

PMC ID: 7713062

PubMed ID: 33273649

SO-VID: bc44fd1b-a9a4-46bc-96dc-a14eaf2a29d5

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 10 June 2020

Date accepted : 20 November 2020

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001230, Macquarie University;

Award ID: MQRDG 9201501855

Award Recipient : Ran Li Yaojie Lu

Funded by: Australian Research Council

Award ID: FT130101115

Award ID: LP140100724

Award Recipient : Brendan Choat Andrew J. Lee

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: plant ecology,plant physiology,plant stress responses,polaritons,terahertz optics

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: plant ecology, plant physiology, plant stress responses, polaritons, terahertz optics

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Non-invasive measurement of leaf water content and pressure–volume curves using terahertz radiation

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Abstract

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Journal of Southern Agriculture

Most cited references 47

Sap Pressure in Vascular Plants: Negative hydrostatic pressure can be measured in plants.

The modified Beer-Lambert law revisited.

The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: a global meta-analysis.

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