Effect of part-baking time, freezing rate and storage time on part-baked bread quality

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Abstract

Abstract In the baking industry, different processes and methods of freezing have been used for breadmaking to preserve a quality comparable to that of fresh bread. In this study, the effect of part-baking time, freezing rate, and frozen storage time on part-baked French bread quality was determined. The bread was part-baked for 0, 3 and 6 min, frozen at slow (0.15 °C/min) and fast (1.75 °C/min) freezing rates, stored under freezing conditions for up to 56 days and thawed every 14 days. Part-baked bread was rebaked, and the SV and firmness at 2, 24 and 48 h were obtained. An experiment with a factorial design of 3×2×5 (3 part-baking time, 2 freezing rates and 5 frozen storage times) with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a confidence level of 95% was carried out. The highest SV was obtained at 6 min of part-baking at a slow freezing rate and decreased as the frozen storage time increased. In contrast, TPA showed that bread firmness increases when the specific volume decreases, and the highest firmness is at 0 min of part-baked time. Relatively long part-baking times allow for firm crumb formation with limited damage to the structure and therefore bread with optimal quality.

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Wheat bread aroma compounds in crumb and crust: A review.

Joana Pico, José BERNAL, Manuel Fernández Gómez (2015)

Bread is one of the most widely consumed foods in the world. Among the different properties that define its quality, the aroma of bread is considered essential to its approval by consumers. Knowing what the compounds found in bread are, as well as the most important ones in crumb and crust, and understanding their biological sources and how they affect the final aroma of bread, could make it possible to modify the steps of bread manufacturing in order to enhance those with a positive impact and reduce those with a negative impact. The aim of this review is to provide a guideline correlating a great deal of the information now available regarding wheat bread aroma. For this purpose, a total of 326 volatile compounds reported in the literature have been included. The sensorial correlation of these compounds with the final aroma of wheat bread has also been explained, as well as the biological sources that generate them. Finally, it is shown how modifying the production stages of wheat bread could also affect the odour quality.

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Mold spoilage of bread and its biopreservation: A review of current strategies for bread shelf life extension.

Claudia Axel, Emanuele Zannini, Elke Arendt (2017)

Microbial spoilage of bread and the consequent waste problem causes large economic losses for both the bakery industry and the consumer. Furthermore the presence of mycotoxins due to fungal contamination in cereals and cereal products remains a significant issue. The use of conventional chemical preservatives has several drawbacks, necessitating the development of clean-label alternatives. In this review, we describe current research aiming to extend the shelf life of bread through the use of more consumer friendly and ecologically sustainable preservation techniques as alternatives to chemical additives. Studies on the in situ-production/-expression of antifungal compounds are presented, with special attention given to recent developments over the past decade. Sourdough fermented with antifungal strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is an area of increasing focus and serves as a high-potential biological ingredient to produce gluten-containing and gluten-free breads with improved nutritional value, quality and safety due to shelf-life extension, and is in-line with consumer's demands for more products containing less additives. Other alternative biopreservation techniques include the utilization of antifungal peptides, ethanol and plant extracts. These can be added to bread formulations or incorporated in antimicrobial films for active packaging (AP) of bread. This review outlines recent progress that has been made in the area of bread biopreservation and future perspectives in this important area.