Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Understanding the Biological Correlates and Remediation Strategies

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Cognitive deficits are one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia that evolve during the course of schizophrenia, after being originated even before the onset of illness. Existing pharmacological and biological treatment modalities fall short to meet the needs to improve the cognitive symptoms; hence, various cognitive remediation strategies have been adopted to address these deficits. Research evidences suggest that cognitive remediation measures improve the functioning, limit disability bettering the quality of life. The functional outcomes of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia are resultant of neurobiological changes in specific brain areas. Recent years witnessed significant innovations in cognitive remediation strategies in schizophrenia. This comprehensive review highlights the biological correlates of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and the remedial measures with evidence base.

Related collections

Most cited references 79

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes.

Til Wykes, Vyv Huddy, Caroline Cellard … (2011)

Cognitive remediation therapy for schizophrenia was developed to treat cognitive problems that affect functioning, but the treatment effects may depend on the type of trial methodology adopted. The present meta-analysis will determine the effects of treatment and whether study method or potential moderators influence the estimates. Electronic databases were searched up to June 2009 using variants of the key words "cognitive," "training," "remediation," "clinical trial," and "schizophrenia." Key researchers were contacted to ensure that all studies meeting the criteria were included. This produced 109 reports of 40 studies in which ≥70% of participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, all of whom received standard care. There was a comparison group and allocation procedure in these studies. Data were available to calculate effect sizes on cognition and/or functioning. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers with excellent reliability. Methodological moderators were extracted through the Clinical Trials Assessment Measure and verified by authors in 94% of cases. The meta-analysis (2,104 participants) yielded durable effects on global cognition and functioning. The symptom effect was small and disappeared at follow-up assessment. No treatment element (remediation approach, duration, computer use, etc.) was associated with cognitive outcome. Cognitive remediation therapy was more effective when patients were clinically stable. Significantly stronger effects on functioning were found when cognitive remediation therapy was provided together with other psychiatric rehabilitation, and a much larger effect was present when a strategic approach was adopted together with adjunctive rehabilitation. Despite variability in methodological rigor, this did not moderate any of the therapy effects, and even in the most rigorous studies there were similar small-to-moderate effects. Cognitive remediation benefits people with schizophrenia, and when combined with psychiatric rehabilitation, this benefit generalizes to functioning, relative to rehabilitation alone. These benefits cannot be attributed to poor study methods.

0 comments Cited 421 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Neurocognitive Deficits and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: Are We Measuring the "Right Stuff"?

J. Mintz, M. Green, D Braff … (2000)

There has been a surge of interest in the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The published literature in this area has doubled in the last few years. In this paper, we will attempt to confirm the conclusions from a previous review that certain neurocognitive domains (secondary verbal memory, immediate memory, executive functioning as measured by card sorting, and vigilance) are associated with functional outcome. In addition to surveying the number of replicated findings and tallying box scores of results, we will approach the review of the studies in a more thorough and empirical manner by applying a meta-analysis. Lastly, we will discuss what we see as a key limitation of this literature, specifically, the relatively narrow selection of predictor measures. This limitation has constrained identification of mediating variables that may explain the mechanisms for these relationships.

0 comments Cited 323 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Neuregulin 1 in neural development, synaptic plasticity and schizophrenia.

Lin Mei, Wen-Cheng Xiong (2008)

Schizophrenia is a highly debilitating mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the general population, yet it continues to be poorly understood. Recent studies have identified variations in several genes that are associated with this disorder in diverse populations, including those that encode neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4. The past few years have witnessed exciting progress in our knowledge of NRG1 and ErbB4 functions and the biological basis of the increased risk for schizophrenia that is potentially conferred by polymorphisms in the two genes. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which altered function of NRG1 and ErbB4 contributes to schizophrenia might eventually lead to the development of more effective therapeutics.

0 comments Cited 276 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

Title: Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience

Publisher: Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology

ISSN (Print): 1738-1088

ISSN (Electronic): 2093-4327

Publication date (Print): February 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 28 February 2018

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Pages: 7-17

Affiliations

Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Sujita Kumar Kar, MD (PSY), Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University,, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003,, India, Tel: +91-9956273747, Fax: +91-522-2265416, E-mail: skkar1981@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: cpn-16-007

DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.7

PMC ID: 5810454

PubMed ID: 29397662

SO-VID: bb7a3586-8d0c-4d3d-821d-a43cebacd2a6

License:

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 15 February 2017

Date revision received : 22 June 2017

Date accepted : 16 July 2017

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 70

See all cited by

Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Understanding the Biological Correlates and Remediation Strategies

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

UCL Grand Challenges: Cultural Understanding

Most cited references 79

A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes.

Neurocognitive Deficits and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: Are We Measuring the "Right Stuff"?

Neuregulin 1 in neural development, synaptic plasticity and schizophrenia.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 313

Cited by 70