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      A intervenção de enfermagem : relaxamento e seus efeitos no sistema imunológico de puérperas Translated title: A nursing intervention relaxation, and its effects on the immune system of postpartum women Translated title: La intervención de enfermería relajación y sus efectos en el sistema inmunológico de puérperas

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos da técnica de relaxamento nos níveis de Imunoglobulina A (IgA) salivar em puérperas e a relação com as variáveis: idade, grau de instrução, estado civil, tipo de parto e paridade. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental randomizado realizado em uma maternidade do Espírito Santo (Brasil). A amostra constituiu-se de 60 puérperas. O grupo experimental composto por 30 puérpuras seguiu a técnica de relaxamento proposta por Benson. As variáveis foram coletadas por meio de formulário específico e o nível de IgA salivar por imunoturbidimetria em dois momentos: até 24 horas pós-parto e 7 dias depois. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se aumento significativo dos níveis de IgA no grupo experimental (p= 0,01) após a prática do relaxamento e ausência de relação entre as variáveis de controle e a IgA. CONCLUSÃO: O relaxamento pode ajudar a aumentar a resistência imunológica de puérperas.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of relaxation techniques in the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva of postpartum women, in relationship to the variables: age, education level, marital status, type of delivery and parity. METHODS: This experimental, randomized trial was conducted in a maternity ward of Espirito Santo (Brazil). The sample consisted of 60 postpartum women. The experimental group consisted of 30 postpartum women who received the relaxation technique proposed by Benson. The levels were collected using a specific form and level of salivary IgA by immunoturbidimetry in two stages: up to 24 hours postpartum, and 7 days later. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase of IgA levels in the experimental group (p = 0.01) after the practice of relaxation, and a lack of relationship between the control variables and IgA. CONCLUSIONS: Relaxation can help increase immunological resistance in postpartum women.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Evaluar los efectos de la técnica de relajación en los niveles de Inmunoglobulina A (IgA) salival en puérperas y la relación con las variables: edad, grado de instrucción, estado civil, tipo de parto y paridad. MÉTODOS: Estudio experimental randomizado realizado en una maternidad de Espírito Santo (Brasil).La muestra se constituyó de 60 puérperas. El grupo experimental compuesto por 30 puérperas siguió la técnica de relajación propuesta por Benson. Las variables fueron recolectadas por medio de un formulario específico y el nivel de IgA salival por imunoturbidimetria en dos momentos: hasta 24 horas post-parto y 7 días después. RESULTADOS: Se verificó aumento significativo de los niveles de IgA en el grupo experimental (p= 0,01) después de la práctica de relajación y ausencia de relación entre las variables de control y la IgA. CONCLUSIÓN: La relajación puede ayudar a aumentar la resistencia inmunológica de puérperas.

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          Most cited references26

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          Alterations induced by gestational stress in brain morphology and behaviour of the offspring.

          Retrospective studies in humans suggest that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy, associated with raised plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol may increase the likelihood of preterm birth, developmental delays and behavioural abnormalities in the children. In adulthood, it may contribute to the significant association between the incidence of schizophrenia, increased left or mixed handedness, reduction in cerebral asymmetry and anomalies in brain morphology. Our studies and others have shown that prenatal stress in rats can mimic these developmental and behavioural alterations. These rats show a reduced propensity for social interaction, increased anxiety in intimidating or novel situations and a reduction in cerebral asymmetry and dopamine turnover, consistent with those in schizophrenic humans. Prenatally-stressed (PS) rats also show behaviour consistent with depression, including a phase-shift in their circadian rhythm for corticosterone, sleep abnormalities, a hedonic deficit and greater acquisition of learned helplessness under appropriate conditions. These behavioural abnormalities are associated with impaired regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress and increased CRH activity. PS males may show demasculinisation and feminisation of their sexual behaviour. The developmental and behavioural abnormalities in PS offspring could occur through sensitisation of the foetal brain by maternal stress hormones to the action of glucocorticoid and CRH and to neurotransmitters affected by them. This may have long-lasting consequences and could explain the precipitation of depressive symptoms or schizophrenia by psychosocial stress in later life. The character of the behavioural abnormalities probably depends on the timing of the maternal stress in relation to development of the particular neuronal systems.
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            Breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for respiratory disease in infancy: a meta-analysis.

            To examine breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract disease in healthy full-term infants with access to modern medical care. MEDLINE, personal communication with researchers, the OVID databases, Dissertation Abstracts Online, and BIOSIS. The titles, abstracts, and text of studies from developed countries were explored for breastfeeding exposure measures and lower respiratory tract disease hospitalization rates. For summary statistics, we required 3 inclusion criteria: (1) a feeding contrast of a minimum of 2 months of exclusive breastfeeding (no formula supplementation) vs no breastfeeding and (2) study populations that excluded sick, low birth weight or premature infants and (3) reflected affluent regions; 27% of studies met these criteria. We abstracted data from all relevant reports. Data from all primary material (33 studies) indicated a protective association between breastfeeding and the risk of respiratory disease hospitalization. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria, and 7 cohort studies were pooled. The feeding contrasts in these 7 studies were 4 or more months of exclusive breastfeeding vs no breastfeeding. The summary relative risk (95% confidence interval) was 0.28 (0.14-0.54), using a random-effects model. This effect remained stable and statistically significant after adjusting for the effects of smoking or socioeconomic status. Among generally healthy infants in developed nations, more than a tripling in severe respiratory tract illnesses resulting in hospitalizations was noted for infants who were not breastfed compared with those who were exclusively breastfed for 4 months.
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              The effects of active and passive participation in musical activity on the immune system as measured by salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA).

              D. Kuhn (2001)
              The purposes of this study were (a) to determine if musical activity would produce a significant change in the immune system as measured by Salivary Immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and (b) to determine if active participation in musical activity had a significantly different effect on the immune system than passive participation. Thirty-three participants (28 women and 5 men) were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups, 2 experimental and 1 control. Active group participants participated in a 30-minute session where they played various percussive instruments and sang. Passive group participants listened to 30 minutes worth of live music. Saliva samples were taken before and after sessions and SIgA concentrations were determined using radial immunodiffusion technique. All groups were found to be significantly different from each other. SIgA levels of the active group showed a significantly greater increase than those of the passive group and the control group, suggesting that active participation in musical activity produces a greater effect on the immune system than passive participation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ape
                Acta Paulista de Enfermagem
                Acta paul. enferm.
                Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (São Paulo )
                1982-0194
                2011
                : 24
                : 6
                : 751-755
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brazil
                Article
                S0103-21002011000600003
                10.1590/S0103-21002011000600003
                bb6d6783-86f7-4d2e-b198-44fb1da85c96

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-2100&lng=en
                Categories
                NURSING

                Nursing
                Relaxation therapy,Immunoglobulin A, secretory,Psychoneuroimmunology,Postpartum period,Puerperal disorders,Técnicas de relajación,Inmunoglobulina A secretora,Psichoneuroinmunología,Periodo de posparto,Transtornos puerperales,Terapia de relaxamento,Imunoglobulina A secretora,Psiconeuroimunologia,Período pós-parto,Transtornos puerperais

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