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      ANÁLISIS DE LA DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DE GANADO BOVINO LECHERO DEL TRÓPICO ALTO DE NARIÑO MEDIANTE MARCADORES MOLECULARES HETERÓLOGOS DE TIPO MICROSATÉLITE Translated title: ANALYS IS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF DAIRY CATTLE IN THE HIGH TROPIC OF NARIÑO BY MOLECULAR HETEROLOGOUS MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

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          Abstract

          Cinco razas de ganado bovino (Bos taurus) del trópico alto de Nariño fueron caracterizadas usando once loci microsatélites. Se incluyeron las razas Holstein, Jersey, Normando, Pardo suizo y el ganado Criollo. Las frecuencias alélicas fUeron calculadas y usadas para la caracterización de las razas y el estudio de sus relaciones genéticas. La diversidad genética reflejada en el número de alelos por locus (NPA = 10) y la heterocigosidad observada (Ho = 0,7) fue alta, siendo mayor para la raza Criolla. El AMOVA, evidenció una baja diferenciación genética (FST = 0,0663) para la población total, con una pequeña diferenciación entre Criollo y Holstein (0,006), resultado que fue correspondiente con el análisis de agrupamiento bayesiano, que permitió determinar un grado de absorción del núcleo Criollo del 56% por la raza Holstein. La alta diversidad, supone procesos de adaptación a diferentes ambientes y mezcla de razas, facilitando un continuo flujo genético. Esto puede explicarse por la realización de cruces dirigidos al incremento del volumen de producción teniendo como base la raza Holstein, donde la selección intensiva puede conllevar al detrimento de la pureza del ganado criollo e incidir en su capacidad adaptativa.

          Translated abstract

          Five populations of cattle (Bos taurus) from tropical high of Narino were characterized with 11 loci microsatellites. The breeds included were Holstein, Jersey, Normande, Brown Swiss and Creole. The molecular characterization of breeds and study genetic relationships were made with Alleles frequencies. Genetic diversity as the number of alleles per locus (NPA = 10) and observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.7) were high, being higher for the Creole breed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), showed low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.0663) for the total population, with a small difference between Creole and Holstein (0.006). This result was similar to the Bayesian clustering analysis, which identified a percentage of absorption of 56% to Creole by the Holstein breed. The high diversity assumes processes of adaptation to different environments and miscegenation, showing a continuous gene flow. The above can be explain by cross-breeding to increase the production volume on the basis of the Holstein breed. Detrimental impacts, due to the intensive selection, might this have on the creole cattle and has influence in their adaptive capacity.

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          Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual

          <p>The first two editions of this manual have been mainstays of molecular biology for nearly twenty years, with an unrivalled reputation for reliability, accuracy, and clarity.<br>In this new edition, authors Joseph Sambrook and David Russell have completely updated the book, revising every protocol and adding a mass of new material, to broaden its scope and maintain its unbeatable value for studies in genetics, molecular cell biology, developmental biology, microbiology, neuroscience, and immunology.<br>Handsomely redesigned and presented in new bindings of proven durability, this three–volume work is essential for everyone using today’s biomolecular techniques.<br>The opening chapters describe essential techniques, some well–established, some new, that are used every day in the best laboratories for isolating, analyzing and cloning DNA molecules, both large and small.<br>These are followed by chapters on cDNA cloning and exon trapping, amplification of DNA, generation and use of nucleic acid probes, mutagenesis, and DNA sequencing.<br>The concluding chapters deal with methods to screen expression libraries, express cloned genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells, analyze transcripts and proteins, and detect protein–protein interactions.<br>The Appendix is a compendium of reagents, vectors, media, technical suppliers, kits, electronic resources and other essential information.<br>As in earlier editions, this is the only manual that explains how to achieve success in cloning and provides a wealth of information about why techniques work, how they were first developed, and how they have evolved. </p>
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            Monitoring and testing dairy herds for metabolic disease.

            G Oetzel (2004)
            Clinical impressions of metabolic disease problems in dairy herds can be corroborated with herd-based metabolic testing. Ruminal pH should be evaluated in herds showing clinical signs associated with SARA (lame cows, thin cows, high herd removals or death loss across all stages of lactation, or milk fat depression). Testing a herd for the prevalence of SCK via blood BHB sampling in early lactation is useful in almost any dairy herd, and particularly if the herd is experiencing a high incidence of displaced abomasum or high removal rates of early lactation cows. If cows are experiencing SCK within the first 3 weeks of lactation, then consider NEFA testing of the prefresh cows to corroborate prefresh negative energy balance. Finally, monitoring cows on the day of calving for parturient hypocalcemia can provide early detection of diet-induced problems in calcium homeostasis. If hypocalcemia problems are present despite supplementing anionic salts before calving, then it may be helpful to evaluate mean urinary pH of a group of the prefresh cows. Quantitative testing strategies based on statistical analyses can be used to establish minimum sample sizes and interpretation guidelines for all of these tests.
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              Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rfmvz
                Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia
                Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot.
                Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de Colombia
                0120-2952
                December 2015
                : 62
                : 3
                : 18-33
                Article
                S0120-29522015000300003
                10.15446/rfmvz.v62n3.54937
                bb2d506b-d94f-4e90-8d78-4e44840c4db6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-2952&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                raza,microsatelites,variabilidad,introgresión,cattle breed,microsatellite,variability,introgression

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