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      Propagação in vitro de tucumã do Amazonas Translated title: In vitro propagation of Astrocarium aculeatum

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          Abstract

          O gênero Astrocaryum possui um grande número de espécies com potencial alimentício e produtoras de óleos. A espécie mais utilizada, o tucumã do Amazonas, é consumida em larga escala nos estados da região norte do Brasil e originado do extrativismo vegetal. Embriões zigóticos de sementes maduras e imaturas de tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey) foram inoculados em meio de cultivo semi-sólido de Murashige e Skoog (MS) suplementado com vitaminas. Os embriões sobreviventes foram transferidos para o mesmo meio MS suplementado com 0,0; 1,0; 3,0 e 5,0mg L-1 de BAP, obtendo-se taxa crescente de brotação, sendo as mais eficientes as doses de 3,0 a 5,0mg L-1

          Translated abstract

          There is a large number of species within the genus Astrocaryum with the potential for use as food and for oil production. The most used species, tucumã do Amazonas, is consumed on a large scale in the States in the northern region of Brazil, originating from extractivism. Zygotic embryos of mature and immature tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey.) seeds were inoculated in a semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with vitamins. The surviving embryos were transferred to the same MS medium supplemented with 0.0; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0mg L-1 of BAP, obtaining an increasing rate of shoot formation.

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          Cultivo in vitro de las plantas superiores

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            Pre-procambial cells are niches for pluripotent and totipotent stem-like cells for organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in the peach palm: a histological study.

            The direct induction of adventitious buds and somatic embryos from explants is a morphogenetic process that is under the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators and its interactions with endogenous phytohormones. We performed an in vitro histological analysis in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) shoot apexes and determined that the positioning of competent cells and their interaction with neighboring cells, under the influence of combinations of exogenously applied growth regulators (NAA/BAP and NAA/TDZ), allows the pre-procambial cells (PPCs) to act in different morphogenic pathways to establish niche competent cells. It is likely that there has been a habituation phenomenon during the regeneration and development of the microplants. This includes promoting the tillering of primary or secondary buds due to culturing in the absence of NAA/BAP or NAA/TDZ after a period in the presence of these growth regulators. Histological analyses determined that the adventitious roots were derived from the dedifferentiation of the parenchymal cells located in the basal region of the adventitious buds, with the establishment of rooting pole, due to an auxin gradient. Furthermore, histological and histochemical analyses allowed us to characterize how the PPCs provide niches for multipotent, pluripotent and totipotent stem-like cells for vascular differentiation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in the peach palm. The histological and histochemical analyses also allowed us to detect the unicellular or multicellular origin of somatic embryogenesis. Therefore, our results indicate that the use of growth regulators in microplants can lead to habituation and to different morphogenic pathways leading to potential niche establishment, depending on the positioning of the competent cells and their interaction with neighboring cells. Our results indicate that the use of growth regulators in microplants can lead to habituation and to different morphogenic pathways leading to potential niche establishment, depending on the positioning of the competent cells and their interaction with neighboring cells.
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              Germinação in vitro de embriões zigóticos de murmuru (Astrocaryum ulei)

              Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência de concentrações de sacarose e a idade fisiológica da semente na germinação in vitro de embriões zigóticos de murmuru. Frutos em dois estágios de desenvolvimento coletados de plantas do campo tiveram os embriões excisados, desinfestados e inoculados em meio de cultura de MS com 75% das concentrações de sais, suplementado com 2,5 g.L-1 de ácido giberélico e diferentes concentrações de sacarose: 15, 30 e 45 g.L-1. Em sala de crescimento, o material foi mantido por 30 dias no escuro, sendo transferido em seguida para condições luminosas de 30 me.m-2.s-1, temperatura de 25±2ºC e fotoperíodo de 16 horas para completo desenvolvimento. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, com seis repetições e cinco embriões por parcela. Após 30 dias foi avaliada a porcentagem de germinação e altura das plântulas. Verificou-se que embriões provenientes de frutos imaturos apresentaram maior porcentagem de germinação, sendo a concentração de 30 g.L-1 de sacarosea que proporcionou os melhores resultados dentre as demais testadas. Embriões provenientes de frutos maduros apresentaram altura de plântulas significativamente maior aos imaturos e também para essa variável, a concentração de 30 g.L-1 de sacarose foi a que proporcionou os melhores resultados.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                January 2013
                : 43
                : 1
                : 55-59
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Centro de Biotecnologia da Amazônia Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                S0103-84782013000100010
                ba2ee054-2157-4cf6-844a-64fa606c258a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                micropropagation,cytokinin,immature embryo,Astrocaryum aculeatum,micropropagação,citocinina,embrião imaturo

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