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      Messinstrumente zur peripartalen Diagnostik von Depression, Angst und Stress (Teil 1 einer Serie zur psychologischen Diagnostik im Peripartalzeitraum)

      1 , 1 , 2 , 3
      Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
      Georg Thieme Verlag KG

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          Zusammenfassung

          Während der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt kann es bei Frauen und Männern zu psychischen Beschwerden kommen. Am häufigsten finden sich Ängste in Bezug auf die Schwangerschaft und die Geburt sowie prä- und postpartal erhöhte Depressionswerte. Bei Populationen mit besonderen Belastungen, wie den Eltern von Frühgeborenen, ist darüber hinaus von einer stark erhöhten Stressbelastung auszugehen. Zur standardisierten sowie zeitökonomischen Erfassung der genannten Beschwerden sind geeignete Fragebögen nötig. Allerdings liegen nur wenige für den deutschen Sprachraum validierte Instrumente vor, die in Forschung und Klinik zudem nur wenig bekannt sind. Eine Ausnahme stellt hier die Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale dar. Weiterhin werden Männer zumeist nicht explizit in Fragebögen berücksichtigt. Zur Vorbeugung sowie Behandlung psychischer Beschwerden im Peripartalzeitraum stellen geeignete Screening-Instrumente eine wichtige Voraussetzung dar. Auf dieser Grundlage können bei den Betroffenen akute Belastungen abgemildert und chronische Verläufe mit Folgen für das Kind oder die Paarbeziehung verhindert werden. Hierfür scheint zukünftig eine Vereinheitlichung hinsichtlich der verwendeten Instrumente nötig.

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          Most cited references52

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          The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories

          The psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were evaluated in a normal sample of N = 717 who were also administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The DASS was shown to possess satisfactory psychometric properties, and the factor structure was substantiated both by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In comparison to the BDI and BAI, the DASS scales showed greater separation in factor loadings. The DASS Anxiety scale correlated 0.81 with the BAI, and the DASS Depression scale correlated 0.74 with the BDI. Factor analyses suggested that the BDI differs from the DASS Depression scale primarily in that the BDI includes items such as weight loss, insomnia, somatic preoccupation and irritability, which fail to discriminate between depression and other affective states. The factor structure of the combined BDI and BAI items was virtually identical to that reported by Beck for a sample of diagnosed depressed and anxious patients, supporting the view that these clinical states are more severe expressions of the same states that may be discerned in normals. Implications of the results for the conceptualisation of depression, anxiety and tension/stress are considered, and the utility of the DASS scales in discriminating between these constructs is discussed.
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            Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

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              Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature.

              Postpartum nonpsychotic depression is the most common complication of childbearing, affecting approximately 10-15% of women and, as such, represents a considerable health problem affecting women and their families. This systematic review provides a synthesis of the recent literature pertaining to antenatal risk factors associated with developing this condition. Databases relating to the medical, psychological, and social science literature were searched using specific inclusion criteria and search terms, in order to identify studies examining antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression. Studies were identified and critically appraised in order to synthesize the current findings. The search resulted in the identification of two major meta-analyses conducted on over 14,000 subjects, as well as newer subsequent large-scale clinical studies. The results of these studies were then summarized in terms of effect sizes as defined by Cohen. The findings from the meta-analyses of over 14,000 subjects, and subsequent studies of nearly 10,000 additional subjects found that the following factors were the strongest predictors of postpartum depression: depression during pregnancy, anxiety during pregnancy, experiencing stressful life events during pregnancy or the early puerperium, low levels of social support, and a previous history of depression. Critical appraisal of the literature revealed a number of methodological and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future research. These include examining specific risk factors in women of lower socioeconomic status, risk factors pertaining to teenage mothers, and the use of appropriate instruments assessing postpartum depression for use within different cultural groups.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
                Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol
                Georg Thieme Verlag KG
                0948-2393
                1439-1651
                August 12 2021
                August 2021
                May 31 2021
                August 2021
                : 225
                : 04
                : 300-305
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Psychology School, Hochschule Fresenius – University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
                [2 ]Fakultät Medizin, MSH Medical School Hamburg – University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Deutschland
                [3 ]Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
                Article
                10.1055/a-1471-7256
                34058779
                b99c1555-7f79-482d-973e-7ec342505ad8
                © 2021
                History

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