Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

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Abstract

In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

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Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere

Mang Shi, Xian-Dan Lin, Jun-Hua Tian … (2017)

Current knowledge of RNA virus biodiversity is both biased and fragmentary, reflecting a focus on culturable or disease-causing agents. Here we profile the transcriptomes of over 220 invertebrate species sampled across nine animal phyla and report the discovery of 1,445 RNA viruses, including some that are sufficiently divergent to comprise new families. The identified viruses fill major gaps in the RNA virus phylogeny and reveal an evolutionary history that is characterized by both host switching and co-divergence. The invertebrate virome also reveals remarkable genomic flexibility that includes frequent recombination, lateral gene transfer among viruses and hosts, gene gain and loss, and complex genomic rearrangements. Together, these data present a view of the RNA virosphere that is more phylogenetically and genomically diverse than that depicted in current classification schemes and provide a more solid foundation for studies in virus ecology and evolution.

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Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

Yuri I. Wolf, Darius Kazlauskas, Jaime Iranzo … (2018)

The majority of the diverse viruses infecting eukaryotes have RNA genomes, including numerous human, animal, and plant pathogens. Recent advances of metagenomics have led to the discovery of many new groups of RNA viruses in a wide range of hosts. These findings enable a far more complete reconstruction of the evolution of RNA viruses than was attainable previously. This reconstruction reveals the relationships between different Baltimore classes of viruses and indicates extensive transfer of viruses between distantly related hosts, such as plants and animals. These results call for a major revision of the existing taxonomy of RNA viruses.

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Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Peter Walker, Stuart Siddell, Elliot Lefkowitz … (2021)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Gen Virol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Gen Virol

Journal ID (hwp): jgv

Journal ID (publisher-id): jgv

Title: The Journal of General Virology

Publisher: Microbiology Society

ISSN (Print): 0022-1317

ISSN (Electronic): 1465-2099

Publication date Collection: 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 25 August 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 25 August 2023

Volume: 104

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 001864

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] departmentIntegrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR) , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA

[ ² ] departmentOrnamental Plants and Vegetables Research Center, Agricultural Research Department , Hokkaido Research Organization , Takikawa, Hokkaido, Japan

[ ³ ] departmentUnited States Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory , Fort Pierce, FL, USA

[ ⁴ ] D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation , Moscow, Russia

[ ⁵ ] Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia

[ ⁶ ] departmentCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) , Madrid, Spain

[ ⁷ ] departmentCenter for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA

[ ⁸ ] Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases , Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany

[ ⁹ ] departmentDepartment of Biological Sciences , Mississippi State University , Starkville, MS,, Mississippi State, USA

[ ¹⁰ ] departmentDivision of Plant Pathology , ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi, India

[ ¹¹ ] Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

[ ¹² ] UFyMA, INTA-CONICET , Córdoba, Argentina

[ ¹³ ] departmentDivision of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA

[ ¹⁴ ] Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg, Germany

[ ¹⁵ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology , Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ¹⁶ ] Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness , Geelong, VIC, Australia

[ ¹⁷ ] departmentVirology-Phytoplasmology Laboratory , Agroscope , 1260 Nyon, Switzerland

[ ¹⁸ ] University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, NM, USA

[ ¹⁹ ] Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, USA

[ ²⁰ ] French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort , Ploufragan, France

[ ²¹ ] departmentRNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA

[ ²² ] departmentDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , University of California , Irvine, CA, USA

[ ²³ ] The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, TX, USA

[ ²⁴ ] Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein , Bloemfontein, South Africa

[ ²⁵ ] Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany

[ ²⁶ ] Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ²⁷ ] departmentNational Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center , Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University , Beibei, Chongqing, PR China

[ ²⁸ ] departmentRespiratory Virus and Influenza Unit , National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain

[ ²⁹ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY, USA

[ ³⁰ ] Unite des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207) , Marseille, France

[ ³¹ ] departmentCentre for Agricultural Bioinformatics , ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute , New Delhi, India

[ ³² ] The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited , Auckland, New Zealand

[ ³³ ] Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, MD, USA

[ ³⁴ ] CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata , La Plata, Argentina

[ ³⁵ ] departmentDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6 , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA, USA

[ ³⁶ ] departmentWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, TX, USA

[ ³⁷ ] departmentDepartment of Virology , Wageningen Bioveterinary Research , Lelystad, Netherlands

[ ³⁸ ] Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola , Córdoba, Argentina

[ ³⁹ ] UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory , Maisons-Alfort, France

[ ⁴⁰ ] United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

[ ⁴¹ ] Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Bari, Italy

[ ⁴² ] Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, QLD, Australia

[ ⁴³ ] CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari , Valenzano, Italy

[ ⁴⁴ ] Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany

[ ⁴⁵ ] School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA

[ ⁴⁶ ] Robert Koch Institut , Berlin, Germany

[ ⁴⁷ ] School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK

[ ⁴⁸ ] CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari , Valenzano, Italy

[ ⁴⁹ ] departmentDepartment of Medical Microbiology , Virology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara, Turkey

[ ⁵⁰ ] departmentWalter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU) , Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center , Suitland, MD, USA

[ ⁵¹ ] One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) , Silver Spring, MD, USA

[ ⁵² ] departmentDepartment of Entomology , Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) , Washington, DC, USA

[ ⁵³ ] China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou, PR China

[ ⁵⁴ ] departmentDepartment of Pathology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK

[ ⁵⁵ ] Animal and Plant Health Agency , Weybridge, Surrey, UK

[ ⁵⁶ ] World Health Organization , Geneva, Switzerland

[ ⁵⁷ ] Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas , Bahia, Brazil

[ ⁵⁸ ] Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale, Germany

[ ⁵⁹ ] Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP , La Plata, Argentina

[ ⁶⁰ ] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY, USA

[ ⁶¹ ] United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

[ ⁶² ] Brandenburg State Office of Rural Development, Agriculture and Land Consolidation (LELF) , Frankfurt, Germany

[ ⁶³ ] Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany

[ ⁶⁴ ] State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, PR China

[ ⁶⁵ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine , Georgetown University , Washington, DC, USA

[ ⁶⁶ ] Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno, Czechia

[ ⁶⁷ ] departmentDepartment of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories , Boston University , Boston, MA, USA

[ ⁶⁸ ] Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

[ ⁶⁹ ] Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany

[ ⁷⁰ ] departmentDepartment of Virology , WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg, Germany

[ ⁷¹ ] departmentUnited States Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit , Beltsville, MD, USA

[ ⁷² ] departmentDepartment of Clinical Plant Science , Hosei University , Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan

[ ⁷³ ] Kochi Agricultural Research Center , Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

[ ⁷⁴ ] departmentDepartment of Virology , University of Helsinki , Medicum, Helsinki, Finland

[ ⁷⁵ ] Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland

[ ⁷⁶ ] The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand

[ ⁷⁷ ] departmentDepartment of Infectious Diseases , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata, Japan

[ ⁷⁸ ] Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University , Izumisano, Osaka, Japan

[ ⁷⁹ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ⁸⁰ ] departmentDepartment of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories , Boston University , Boston, MA, USA

[ ⁸¹ ] School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University , Murdoch, WA, Australia

[ ⁸² ] Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

[ ⁸³ ] State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China

[ ⁸⁴ ] International Rice Research Institute, College , Los Baños, 4032, Laguna, Philippines

[ ⁸⁵ ] Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany

[ ⁸⁶ ] Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava, Slovakia

[ ⁸⁷ ] departmentDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden

[ ⁸⁸ ] Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , Kurashiki, Japan

[ ⁸⁹ ] National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA

[ ⁹⁰ ] Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit , Paris, France

[ ⁹¹ ] Institute for Plant Protection, NARO , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

[ ⁹² ] US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA

[ ⁹³ ] KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium

[ ⁹⁴ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ⁹⁵ ] departmentDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences , College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA

[ ⁹⁶ ] Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University , Ningbo, PR China

[ ⁹⁷ ] Illumina (China) , Beijing, PR China

[ ⁹⁸ ] departmentDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases , University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA

[ ⁹⁹ ] The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland, New Zealand

[ ¹⁰⁰ ] KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit , Leuven, Belgium

[ ¹⁰¹ ] FIND, the global alliance for diagnostics , Geneva, Switzerland

[ ¹⁰² ] Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoCampus Curauma , Valparaíso, Chile

[ ¹⁰³ ] departmentUnited States Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service , Toledo, OH, USA

[ ¹⁰⁴ ] Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute , London, UK

[ ¹⁰⁵ ] Folkhalsomyndigheten , Stockholm, Sweden

[ ¹⁰⁶ ] departmentDepartment of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories , Boston University , Boston, MA, USA

[ ¹⁰⁷ ] departmentDepartment of Agriculture , Yamagata University , Tsuruoka, Japan

[ ¹⁰⁸ ] departmentDepartment of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center , Washington State University , Prosser, WA, USA

[ ¹⁰⁹ ] Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya, Japan

[ ¹¹⁰ ] Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Bari, Italy

[ ¹¹¹ ] Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Valencia, Spain

[ ¹¹² ] School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya, Japan

[ ¹¹³ ] Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia

[ ¹¹⁴ ] departmentDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences , Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, USA

[ ¹¹⁵ ] Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna, Austria

[ ¹¹⁶ ] College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dubai, United Arab Emirates

[ ¹¹⁷ ] Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua , Pará, Brazil

[ ¹¹⁸ ] Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University , Oklahoma, USA

[ ¹¹⁹ ] Kochi Agricultural Research Center , Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

[ ¹²⁰ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY, USA

[ ¹²¹ ] Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia , Valencia, Spain

[ ¹²² ] National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece

[ ¹²³ ] Genome Competence Center (MF1), Robert Koch Institute , 13353 Berlin, Germany

[ ¹²⁴ ] College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY, USA

[ ¹²⁵ ] Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, MG, Brazil

[ ¹²⁶ ] Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service , Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

[ ¹²⁷ ] departmentDepartment of Population Health , College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA

[ ¹²⁸ ] Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

[ ¹²⁹ ] Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences , Atlanta, GA, USA

[ ¹³⁰ ] Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative , Brooklyn, NY, USA

[ ¹³¹ ] The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand

[ ¹³² ] Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, MD, USA

[ ¹³³ ] Instituto Biológico de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil

[ ¹³⁴ ] Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany

[ ¹³⁵ ] Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília , Brasília, Brazil

[ ¹³⁶ ] Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , Buenos Aires, Argentina

[ ¹³⁷ ] departmentDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Immunology , College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA

[ ¹³⁸ ] Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , Buenos Aires, Argentina

[ ¹³⁹ ] Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

[ ¹⁴⁰ ] Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Bari, Italy

[ ¹⁴¹ ] departmentDepartment of Infectious Disease & Global Health , Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine , North Grafton, MA, USA

[ ¹⁴² ] departmentDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology , Mississippi State University , Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA

[ ¹⁴³ ] Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia

[ ¹⁴⁴ ] departmentDepartment of Veterinary Medicine , University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA

[ ¹⁴⁵ ] Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba, Japan

[ ¹⁴⁶ ] Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany

[ ¹⁴⁷ ] Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University , Sydney, NSW, Australia

[ ¹⁴⁸ ] Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen, PR China

[ ¹⁴⁹ ] Kochi Agricultural Research Center , Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

[ ¹⁵⁰ ] Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Institute of Forest Biodiversity (ICFRE) , Hyderabad, India

[ ¹⁵¹ ] Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea” , Bosisio Parini, Italy

[ ¹⁵² ] CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down , Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK

[ ¹⁵³ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology , College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea

[ ¹⁵⁴ ] School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, QLD, Australia

[ ¹⁵⁵ ] Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA

[ ¹⁵⁶ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ¹⁵⁷ ] Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan

[ ¹⁵⁸ ] Institute for Plant Protection, NARO , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

[ ¹⁵⁹ ] Faculty of Agricultural Production and Management, Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture , Shizuoka, Japan

[ ¹⁶⁰ ] The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, TX, USA

[ ¹⁶¹ ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA

[ ¹⁶² ] National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University , Beibei, Chongqing, PR China

[ ¹⁶³ ] Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián , Santiago, Chile

[ ¹⁶⁴ ] Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba, Japan

[ ¹⁶⁵ ] Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan

[ ¹⁶⁶ ] Institut Pasteur de Guinée , BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea

[ ¹⁶⁷ ] College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, PR China

[ ¹⁶⁸ ] Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changchun, PR China

[ ¹⁶⁹ ] Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR) , Torino, Italy

[ ¹⁷⁰ ] departmentDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture , University of Arkansas System , Fayetteville, AR, USA

[ ¹⁷¹ ] Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR) , Torino, Italy

[ ¹⁷² ] departmentDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC , University Medical Centre Rotterdam , Rotterdam, Netherlands

[ ¹⁷³ ] departmentDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation , KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium

[ ¹⁷⁴ ] The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, TX,, USA

[ ¹⁷⁵ ] Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health , Wageningen, Netherlands

[ ¹⁷⁶ ] Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany

[ ¹⁷⁷ ] Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, MD, USA

[ ¹⁷⁸ ] National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick , Frederick, MD, USA

[ ¹⁷⁹ ] School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland , St. Lucia, QLD, Australia

[ ¹⁸⁰ ] Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University , Pullman, WA, USA

[ ¹⁸¹ ] Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA

[ ¹⁸² ] National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA

[ ¹⁸³ ] Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, PR China

[ ¹⁸⁴ ] Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens , Votanikos, Athens, Greece

[ ¹⁸⁵ ] Yokohama Plant Protection Station , Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

[ ¹⁸⁶ ] Kochi Agricultural Research Center , Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

[ ¹⁸⁷ ] Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, PR China

[ ¹⁸⁸ ] Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, PR China

[ ¹⁸⁹ ] Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, MG, Brazil

[ ¹⁹⁰ ] Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Military Command Area , Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China

[ ¹⁹¹ ] National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University , Beibei, Chongqing, PR China

[ ¹⁹² ] Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops , Guilin, Guangxi, PR China

[ ¹⁹³ ] School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University , Shanghai, PR China

[ ¹⁹⁴ ] departmentKey Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety , Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, PR China

[ ¹⁹⁵ ] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, PR China

[ ¹⁹⁶ ] Pharmaq Analytiq , Bergen, Norway

Author notes

*Correspondence: Jens H. Kuhn, kuhnjens@ 123456mail.nih.gov

Author information

Jens H. Kuhn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-6045

Scott Adkins https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0095-8414

Sergey V. Alkhovsky https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-5841

Tatjana Avšič-Županc https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-0688

María A. Ayllón https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-6106

Justin Bahl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7572-4300

Anne Balkema-Buschmann https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7613-9592

Matthew J. Ballinger https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-8725

Virendra Kumar Baranwal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-0905

Martin Beer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-5254

Nicolas Bejerman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-3506

Éric Bergeron https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-8628

Nadine Biedenkopf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-8019

Carol D. Blair https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-0354

Kim R. Blasdell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-0376

Arnaud G. Blouin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-1529

Steven B. Bradfute https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1985-751X

Thomas Briese https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8963

Paul A. Brown https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-7688

Ursula J. Buchholz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-3198

Michael J. Buchmeier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-9287

Alexander Bukreyev https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-4824

Felicity Burt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-7799

Carmen Büttner https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-2594

Inmaculada Casas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-1198

Kartik Chandran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7077

Rémi N. Charrel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-8251

Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-5466

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Anya Crane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-2469

William M. de Souza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0025-8293

Rik L. de Swart https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-8969

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Nolwenn M. Dheilly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-5013

Nicholas Di Paola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-3913

Francesco Di Serio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-704X

Ralf G. Dietzgen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2250

Michele Digiaro https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3089-3606

J. Felix Drexler https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-0232

W. Paul Duprex https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-6376

Ralf Dürrwald https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-0438

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Toufic Elbeaino https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-7907

Koray Ergünay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5422-1982

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Andrew E. Firth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-9520

Anthony R. Fooks https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-6154

Pierre B. H. Formenty https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-5411

Juliana Freitas-Astúa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-6880

Selma Gago-Zachert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-2119

María Laura García https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6468-6943

Adolfo García-Sastre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-1827

Aura R. Garrison https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-6400

Wenjie Gong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-7188

Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3063-1770

JoëlleGoüy de Bellocq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-6284

Anthony Griffiths https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-8364

Martin H. Groschup https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-185X

Stephan Günther https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-0230

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Masayuki Horie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

Holly R. Hughes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-8263

Adam J. Hume https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-3472

Timothy H. Hyndman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-562X

Dàohóng Jiāng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-7461

Gilda B. Jonson https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-8634

Sandra Junglen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-6011

Boris Klempa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-1224

Jonas Klingström https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-1441

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Eugene V. Koonin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-8299

Mart Krupovic https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-0098

Kenji Kubota https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6324-0891

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Robin M. MacDiarmid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-2018

Piet Maes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4571-5232

Marco Marklewitz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-8770

Sergio H. Marshall https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-8252

Shin-Yi L. Marzano https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0548-3761

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Elke Mühlberger https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-9376

Tomoyuki Nabeshima https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-096X

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Tomohide Natsuaki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-7308

Beatriz Navarro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-1018

José A. Navarro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2844-9742

Yutaro Neriya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-0050

Sergey V. Netesov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-2464

Gabriele Neumann https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-1775

Norbert Nowotny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-571X

Márcio R. T. Nunes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9739-5499

Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-8209

Gustavo Palacios https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-1938

Vicente Pallás https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4954-989X

Anna Papa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-3322

Sofia Paraskevopoulou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-2596

Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6924-157X

Janusz T. Pawęska https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-7519

Daniel R. Pérez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5689

Florian Pfaff https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-6183

Richard K. Plemper https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-2107

Thomas S. Postler https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-9084

Sheli R. Radoshitzky https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-8056

Pedro L. Ramos-González https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-6587

Marius Rehanek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5710-5060

Renato O. Resende https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-1576

Carina A. Reyes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-8690

Thaís C. S. Rodrigues https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6992-1295

Víctor Romanowski https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-7929

Dennis Rubbenstroth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-6274

Luisa Rubino https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-2415

Jonathan A. Runstadler https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-7765

Sead Sabanadzovic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-2633

Sabrina Sadiq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-8692

Maria S. Salvato https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-5391

Takahide Sasaya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-9377

Martin Schwemmle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-6855

Stephen R. Sharpe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-8497

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Manuela Sironi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-5266

Sophie Smither https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3581

Jin-Won Song https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0796-8332

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Anna Maria Vaira https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-1162

Bernadette van den Hoogen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-8559

Bert Vanmechelen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-4356

Nikos Vasilakis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-3289

Martin Verbeek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-3803

Susanne von Bargen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8321-1572

Jiro Wada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-0846

Victoria Wahl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-4308

Peter J. Walker https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-642X

Thomas B. Waltzek https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6383-5978

Anna E. Whitfield https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-015X

Yuri I. Wolf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-8708

Han Xia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-6040

Hironobu Yanagisawa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-466X

Kazutaka Yano https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-466X

Gongyin Ye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-8867

Zhiming Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-9616

F. Murilo Zerbini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8617-0200

Song Zhang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-0438

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Article

Publisher ID: 001864

DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001864

PMC ID: 10721048

PubMed ID: 37622664

SO-VID: b92b7abb-031a-46ed-a60c-293545f399a1

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.

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Date received : 20 May 2023

Date accepted : 26 May 2023

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: aliusviridae,arenaviridae,articulaviral,articulavirales,artoviridae,aspiviridae,bornaviridae,bunyaviral,bunyavirales,bunyavirus,crepuscuviridae,discoviridae,filoviridae,fimoviridae,goujianviral,goujianvirales,hantaviridae,ictv,international committee on taxonomy of viruses,jingchuvirales,lispiviridae,megaclassification,megataxonomy,mononegaviral,mononegavirales,muviral,muvirales,mymonaviridae,myriaviridae,nairoviridae,natareviridae,negarnaviricot,negarnaviricota,nyamiviridae,orthomyxoviridae,orthornavirae,paramyxoviridae,peribunyaviridae,phasmaviridae,phenuiviridae,pneumoviridae,rhabdoviridae,riboviria,serpentoviral,serpentovirales,sunviridae,tenuivirus,tosoviridae,tospoviridae,tulasviridae,virus classification,virus nomenclature,virus taxonomy

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: aliusviridae, arenaviridae, articulaviral, articulavirales, artoviridae, aspiviridae, bornaviridae, bunyaviral, bunyavirales, bunyavirus, crepuscuviridae, discoviridae, filoviridae, fimoviridae, goujianviral, goujianvirales, hantaviridae, ictv, international committee on taxonomy of viruses, jingchuvirales, lispiviridae, megaclassification, megataxonomy, mononegaviral, mononegavirales, muviral, muvirales, mymonaviridae, myriaviridae, nairoviridae, natareviridae, negarnaviricot, negarnaviricota, nyamiviridae, orthomyxoviridae, orthornavirae, paramyxoviridae, peribunyaviridae, phasmaviridae, phenuiviridae, pneumoviridae, rhabdoviridae, riboviria, serpentoviral, serpentovirales, sunviridae, tenuivirus, tosoviridae, tospoviridae, tulasviridae, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy

Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

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Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere

Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

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