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      GNPs-CS/KGM as Hemostatic First Aid Wound Dressing with Antibiotic Effect: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

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          Abstract

          Ideal wound dressing materials should create a good healing environment, with immediate hemostatic effects and antimicrobial activity. In this study, chitosan/konjac glucomannan (CS/KGM) films embedded with gentamicin-loaded poly(dex-GMA/AAc) nanoparticles (giving GNP-CS/KGM films) were prepared as novel wound dressings. The results revealed that the modified CS/KGM films could be used as effective wound dressings and had significant hemostatic effects. With their microporous structure, the films could effectively absorb water from blood and trap blood cells. The gentamicinloaded poly(dex-GMA/AAc) nanoparticles (GNPs) also further promoted blood clotting, with their favorable water uptake capacity. Thus, the GNP-CS/KGM films had wound healing and synergistic effects that helped to stop bleeding from injuries, and also showed good antibiotic abilities by addition of gentamicin to the NPs. These GNPCS/KGM films can be considered as promising novel biodegradable and biocompatible wound dressings with hemostatic capabilities and antibiotic effects for treatment of external bleeding injuries.

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          Chitosan preparations for wounds and burns: antimicrobial and wound-healing effects.

          M Hamblin, Tianhong Dai, Ying Huang … (2011)
          Since its discovery approximately 200 years ago, chitosan, as a cationic natural polymer, has been widely used as a topical dressing in wound management owing to its hemostatic, stimulation of healing, antimicrobial, nontoxic, biocompatible and biodegradable properties. This article covers the antimicrobial and wound-healing effects of chitosan, as well as its derivatives and complexes, and its use as a vehicle to deliver biopharmaceuticals, antimicrobials and growth factors into tissue. Studies covering applications of chitosan in wounds and burns can be classified into in vitro, animal and clinical studies. Chitosan preparations are classified into native chitosan, chitosan formulations, complexes and derivatives with other substances. Chitosan can be used to prevent or treat wound and burn infections not only because of its intrinsic antimicrobial properties, but also by virtue of its ability to deliver extrinsic antimicrobial agents to wounds and burns. It can also be used as a slow-release drug-delivery vehicle for growth factors to improve wound healing. The large number of publications in this area suggests that chitosan will continue to be an important agent in the management of wounds and burns.
          Article 0 comments Cited 228 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Fibrin structure and wound healing.

            François Laurens, P. Koolwijk, V. M. De la Puente-Diaz de Leon (2006)
            Fibrinogen and fibrin play an important role in blood clotting, fibrinolysis, cellular and matrix interactions, inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and neoplasia. The contribution of fibrin(ogen) to these processes largely depends not only on the characteristics of the fibrin(ogen) itself, but also on interactions between specific-binding sites on fibrin(ogen), pro-enzymes, clotting factors, enzyme inhibitors, and cell receptors. In this review, the molecular and cellular biology of fibrin(ogen) is reviewed in the context of cutaneous wound repair. The outcome of wound healing depends largely on the fibrin structure, such as the thickness of the fibers, the number of branch points, the porosity, and the permeability. The binding of fibrin(ogen) to hemostasis proteins and platelets as well as to several different cells such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and keratinocytes is indispensable during the process of wound repair. High-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight fibrinogen, two naturally occurring variants of fibrin, are important determinants of angiogenesis and differ in their cell growth stimulation, clotting rate, and fibrin polymerization characteristics. Fibrin sealants have been investigated as matrices to promote wound healing. These sealants may also be an ideal delivery vehicle to deliver extra cells for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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              Use of chitosan as a biomaterial: studies on its safety and hemostatic potential.

              S. B. Rao, C P Sharma (1997)
              Chitosan, a mucopolysaccharide of marine origin, was studied for its safety and hemostatic potential. Its surface was treated with glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, and plasma glow discharge to elicit effects of enzyme degradation. Of the seven enzymes used, leucine amino peptidase caused maximum degradation. Autoclaving appeared to be an ideal sterilizing method as it caused least decrease in tensile strength and effected a negligible rate of hemolysis. Sterilizing with glutaraldehyde with a physiologic pH retained the maximum tensile strength of chitosan. In vivo toxicity tests indicated that it is nontoxic, and the sterilized films were free of pyrogen. Coagulation and hemagglutination tests showed that the hemostatic mechanism of chitosan seems to be independent of the classical coagulation cascade and appears to be an interaction between the cell membrane of erythrocytes and chitosan.
              Article 0 comments Cited 52 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Vishal Shah: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 July 2013
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: e66890
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
                [2 ]Department of Anesthesia, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
                Dowling College, United States of America
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: No conflict of interest exists in the submission of this manuscript.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: HW LF. Performed the experiments: LF CC FL WL. Analyzed the data: LF CC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BR YQ. Wrote the paper: LF.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-13-06390
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066890
                PMC ID: 3713006
                PubMed ID: 23874402
                SO-VID: b918fc38-f62f-4e53-8a6e-32b50a1b3334
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2013
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 31 January 2013
                Date accepted : 10 May 2013
                Page count
                Pages: 11
                Funding
                This work was partially funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 81201179 and No. 81271687. No additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology
                Subject: Biotechnology
                Subject: Bioengineering
                Subject: Biomedical Engineering
                Subject: Biomimetics
                Subject: Biomaterials
                Subject: Bionanotechnology
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Materials Science
                Subject: Biomaterials
                Subject: Material by Structure
                Subject: Polymers
                Subject: Biopolymers
                Subject: Nanotechnology
                Subject: Bionanotechnology
                Subject: Medicine
                Subject: Critical Care and Emergency Medicine
                Subject: Diagnostic Medicine
                Subject: Pathology
                Subject: Anatomical Pathology
                Subject: Surgical Pathology
                Subject: Surgery

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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