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      Monitoring volatile changes in infant formula during long-term storage at room temperature

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          Abstract

          This study combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and odor activity value (OAV) assessments to analyze the volatile ingredient changes in formula powder during 11 months of storage at room temperature. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable importance in projection (VIP) were also used to assess the potential indicators of aroma changes during storage. The aim was to expose the possible changes in the aroma profile and the substances that alter infant formula (IF) aroma during storage. The results showed that the aldehyde and ketone content in the milk formula increased as the storage time was extended, while the lactone and terpenoid levels decreased significantly. The OAV indicated the presence of various major aromatic substances at different storage times. Considering consumer concern regarding product flavor, this study ascertained that monitoring substance changes during storage showed that 2-heptanone was a good indicator of milk flavor, dimethyl disulfide was a suitable indicator of protein degradation, and 3-methylbutanal, heptanal, hexanal, pentanal, and octanal were all good indicators of fat oxidation. The results of previous related studies were used to supplement the data in this work regarding the changes in IF during product shelf life and to provide support for controlling the flavor substances and quality during new product development.

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          Highlights

          • •

            The contents of aldehydes and ketones increasing and the contents of lactones and terpenoids decreasing during storage.

          • •

            Dimethyl sulfone and acids can be used as indicators while monitoring substance changes during storage.

          • •

            Ketones such as 3-methylbutanal, heptanal, hexanal as indicators of fat oxidation during storage.

          • •

            Dimethyl disulfide can be used as an indicator of protein degradation.

          • •

            2-heptanone could be used as an indicator of milk flavor.

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          Most cited references45

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          Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect.

          Cesar Victora, Rajiv Bahl, Aluísio Barros … (2016)
          The importance of breastfeeding in low-income and middle-income countries is well recognised, but less consensus exists about its importance in high-income countries. In low-income and middle-income countries, only 37% of children younger than 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. With few exceptions, breastfeeding duration is shorter in high-income countries than in those that are resource-poor. Our meta-analyses indicate protection against child infections and malocclusion, increases in intelligence, and probable reductions in overweight and diabetes. We did not find associations with allergic disorders such as asthma or with blood pressure or cholesterol, and we noted an increase in tooth decay with longer periods of breastfeeding. For nursing women, breastfeeding gave protection against breast cancer and it improved birth spacing, and it might also protect against ovarian cancer and type 2 diabetes. The scaling up of breastfeeding to a near universal level could prevent 823,000 annual deaths in children younger than 5 years and 20,000 annual deaths from breast cancer. Recent epidemiological and biological findings from during the past decade expand on the known benefits of breastfeeding for women and children, whether they are rich or poor.
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            Cephalic phase responses and appetite.

            A Erkner, Paul A. M. Smeets, Cees de Graaf (2010)
            The current food supply in many parts of the world differs substantially from that which existed during most of human evolution. It is characterized by a high variety of palatable foods with high energy density and low fiber content. Many foods can be eaten very quickly, and there is not always congruency between the sensory properties of the food and the subsequent metabolic consequences of its ingestion, (e.g., as in the consumption of artificially sweetened foods). It is not presently known how the human body copes with this incongruent food environment in terms of short-term satiety responses and long(er)-term regulation of food intake. Cephalic phase responses (CPRs) are innate and learned physiological responses to sensory signals that prepare the gastrointestinal tract for the optimal processing of ingested foods. CPRs could be affected by inconsistencies in the associations between sensory signals and subsequent post-ingestive consequences. Reviewed here are the available data on how CPRs affect the control of food intake. © 2010 International Life Sciences Institute.
            Article 0 comments Cited 74 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of Cold-pressed Edible Seed Oils

              K. Zhou, D.A. Adams, M. Harris … (2003)
              Article 0 comments Cited 61 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Sisi Wang
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Res Food Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Res Food Sci
                Title: Current Research in Food Science
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2665-9271
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 November 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 November 2023
                Volume: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100645
                Affiliations
                [a ]Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Industrial Co. Ltd., Qiqihar, 161000, China
                [b ]China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 102200, China
                [c ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100091, China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Lavare_wong@ 123456126.com
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2665-9271(23)00213-7 Publisher ID: 100645
                DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100645
                PMC ID: 10709031
                PubMed ID: 38077467
                SO-VID: b8d10176-d069-47eb-97d7-9d45c19ce6df
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 10 September 2023
                Date revision received : 30 October 2023
                Date accepted : 15 November 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: infant formula,gc-ms,opls-da,storage life,volatile flavor compounds
                Data availability:
                Keywords: infant formula, gc-ms, opls-da, storage life, volatile flavor compounds

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