Charge reversal nano-systems for tumor therapy

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Surface charge of biological and medical nanocarriers has been demonstrated to play an important role in cellular uptake. Owing to the unique physicochemical properties, charge-reversal delivery strategy has rapidly developed as a promising approach for drug delivery application, especially for cancer treatment. Charge-reversal nanocarriers are neutral/negatively charged at physiological conditions while could be triggered to positively charged by specific stimuli (i.e., pH, redox, ROS, enzyme, light or temperature) to achieve the prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor cellular uptake, thus to potentiate the antitumor effects of delivered therapeutic agents. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the recent advances of charge-reversal nanocarriers, including: (i) the effect of surface charge on cellular uptake; (ii) charge-conversion mechanisms responding to several specific stimuli; (iii) relation between the chemical structure and charge reversal activity; and (iv) polymeric materials that are commonly applied in the charge-reversal delivery systems.

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Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)

This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.

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Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery.

Elvin Blanco, Haifa Shen, Mauro Ferrari (2015)

Biological barriers to drug transport prevent successful accumulation of nanotherapeutics specifically at diseased sites, limiting efficacious responses in disease processes ranging from cancer to inflammation. Although substantial research efforts have aimed to incorporate multiple functionalities and moieties within the overall nanoparticle design, many of these strategies fail to adequately address these barriers. Obstacles, such as nonspecific distribution and inadequate accumulation of therapeutics, remain formidable challenges to drug developers. A reimagining of conventional nanoparticles is needed to successfully negotiate these impediments to drug delivery. Site-specific delivery of therapeutics will remain a distant reality unless nanocarrier design takes into account the majority, if not all, of the biological barriers that a particle encounters upon intravenous administration. By successively addressing each of these barriers, innovative design features can be rationally incorporated that will create a new generation of nanotherapeutics, realizing a paradigmatic shift in nanoparticle-based drug delivery.

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Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm.

Caitriona Holohan, Sandra Van Schaeybroeck, Daniel Longley … (2013)

Resistance to chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies is a major problem facing current cancer research. The mechanisms of resistance to 'classical' cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and to therapies that are designed to be selective for specific molecular targets share many features, such as alterations in the drug target, activation of prosurvival pathways and ineffective induction of cell death. With the increasing arsenal of anticancer agents, improving preclinical models and the advent of powerful high-throughput screening techniques, there are now unprecedented opportunities to understand and overcome drug resistance through the clinical assessment of rational therapeutic drug combinations and the use of predictive biomarkers to enable patient stratification.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Peng Zhang:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-5406

peng.zhang@ytu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nanobiotechnology

Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155

Publication date (Electronic): 10 January 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 10 January 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 20

Electronic Location Identifier: 31

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.440761.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9030 0162, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), , Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, ; 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005 Shandong People’s Republic of China

[2 ]State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Yantai, 264003 People’s Republic of China

Author information

Peng Zhang http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-5406

Article

Publisher ID: 1221

DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01221-8

PMC ID: 8751315

PubMed ID: 35012546

SO-VID: b8381bcb-24b9-4cc2-8635-fc9aaaa2ab19

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 26 August 2021

Date accepted : 23 December 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010909, Young Scientists Fund;

Award ID: 82001961

Award Recipient : Peng Zhang

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008992, Yantai University;

Award ID: YX19B04

Award Recipient : Peng Zhang

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: charge reversal,stimuli-responsive,nano systems,surface charge,antitumor therapy

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: charge reversal, stimuli-responsive, nano systems, surface charge, antitumor therapy

Charge reversal nano-systems for tumor therapy

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Most cited references 170

Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery.

Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm.

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