Diversity and phylogeny of the extinct wasp subfamily Lancepyrinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) revealed by mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

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Abstract

The Lancepyrinae are an extinct subfamily of Bethylidae known exclusively from Cretaceous amber deposits of Lebanon, Spain, Taimyr and Myanmar. In this study, we describe and illustrate four new genera and five new species of lancepyrine wasps from the Albian of Hkamti and late Albian-early Cenomanian of Kachin (Myanmar): Azepyris delamarrei gen. et sp. nov., Burmapyris ohmkuhnlei sp. nov., Gwesped groehni gen. et sp. nov., Paralanceis chotardi gen. et sp. nov. and Yunbayin rossei gen. et sp. nov. These taxa not only highlight the taxonomic diversity of the Lancepyrinae during the mid-Cretaceous but they also reveal the morphological disparity of the subfamily. To establish the phylogenetic relationships of these fossils and to check the monophyly of the Lancepyrinae, we add them to a pre-existing morphological matrix and perform a cladistic analysis. We retrieve the subfamily as poorly supported yet monophyletic, with the newly described taxa deeply nested in it. A key to the genera of Lancepyrinae is provided. Finally, we erect the subfamily Cretabythinae subfam. nov. for the genera Cretabythus Evans, 1973, Holopsenelliscus Engel, 2019 and Megalopsenella Jouault et al., 2020 as no taxonomic treatment has been provided for these taxa after the transfer of Holopsenella Engel et al., 2016 as Aculeata incertae sedis.

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NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis

Kevin W Eliceiri, Caroline A Schneider, Wayne S Rasband (2019)

For the past twenty five years the NIH family of imaging software, NIH Image and ImageJ have been pioneers as open tools for scientific image analysis. We discuss the origins, challenges and solutions of these two programs, and how their history can serve to advise and inform other software projects.

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TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics

Pablo Goloboff, Santiago A. Catalano (2016)

Version 1.5 of the computer program TNT completely integrates landmark data into phylogenetic analysis. Landmark data consist of coordinates (in two or three dimensions) for the terminal taxa; TNT reconstructs shapes for the internal nodes such that the difference between ancestor and descendant shapes for all tree branches sums up to a minimum; this sum is used as tree score. Landmark data can be analysed alone or in combination with standard characters; all the applicable commands and options in TNT can be used transparently after reading a landmark data set. The program continues implementing all the types of analyses in former versions, including discrete and continuous characters (which can now be read at any scale, and automatically rescaled by TNT). Using algorithms described in this paper, searches for landmark data can be made tens to hundreds of times faster than it was possible before (from T to 3T times faster, where T is the number of taxa), thus making phylogenetic analysis of landmarks feasible even on standard personal computers.

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Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera.

Ralph Peters, Lars Krogmann, Christoph Mayer … (2017)

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, and bees) are one of four mega-diverse insect orders, comprising more than 153,000 described and possibly up to one million undescribed extant species [1, 2]. As parasitoids, predators, and pollinators, Hymenoptera play a fundamental role in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems and are of substantial economic importance [1, 3]. To understand the diversification and key evolutionary transitions of Hymenoptera, most notably from phytophagy to parasitoidism and predation (and vice versa) and from solitary to eusocial life, we inferred the phylogeny and divergence times of all major lineages of Hymenoptera by analyzing 3,256 protein-coding genes in 173 insect species. Our analyses suggest that extant Hymenoptera started to diversify around 281 million years ago (mya). The primarily ectophytophagous sawflies are found to be monophyletic. The species-rich lineages of parasitoid wasps constitute a monophyletic group as well. The little-known, species-poor Trigonaloidea are identified as the sister group of the stinging wasps (Aculeata). Finally, we located the evolutionary root of bees within the apoid wasp family "Crabronidae." Our results reveal that the extant sawfly diversity is largely the result of a previously unrecognized major radiation of phytophagous Hymenoptera that did not lead to wood-dwelling and parasitoidism. They also confirm that all primarily parasitoid wasps are descendants of a single endophytic parasitoid ancestor that lived around 247 mya. Our findings provide the basis for a natural classification of Hymenoptera and allow for future comparative analyses of Hymenoptera, including their genomes, morphology, venoms, and parasitoid and eusocial life styles.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Manuel Brazidec: (View ORCID Profile)

Frédéric Legendre: (View ORCID Profile)

Vincent Perrichot: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny

Abbreviated Title: ASP

Publisher: Pensoft Publishers

ISSN (Electronic): 1864-8312

ISSN (Print): 1863-7221

Publication date Created: April 04 2023

Publication date (Electronic): April 04 2023

Volume: 81

Pages: 345-369

Article

DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e96737

SO-VID: b82c5b82-2e24-4d87-b3f2-97537165fa70

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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