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      Poaceae Chloroplast Genome Sequencing: Great Leap Forward in Recent Ten Years

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          Abstract

          The first complete chloroplast genome of rice ( Oryza sativa) was published in 1989, ushering in a new era of studies of chloroplast genomics in Poaceae. Progresses in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Third-Generation Sequencing (TGS) technologiesand in the development of genome assembly software, have significantly advanced chloroplast genomics research. Poaceae is one of the most targeted families in chloroplast genome research because of its agricultural, ecological, and economic importance. Over the last 30 years, 2,050 complete chloroplast genome sequences from 40 tribes and 282 genera have been generated, most (97%) of them in the recent ten years. The wealth of data provides the groundwork for studies on species evolution, phylogeny, genetic transformation, and other aspects of Poaceae chloroplast genomes. As a result, we have gained a deeper understanding of the properties of Poaceae chloroplast genomes. Here, we summarize the achievements of the studies of the Poaceae chloroplast genomes and envision the challenges for moving the area ahead.

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          SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing.

          The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.
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            NOVOPlasty: de novo assembly of organelle genomes from whole genome data

            Abstract The evolution in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has led to the development of many different assembly algorithms, but few of them focus on assembling the organelle genomes. These genomes are used in phylogenetic studies, food identification and are the most deposited eukaryotic genomes in GenBank. Producing organelle genome assembly from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data would be the most accurate and least laborious approach, but a tool specifically designed for this task is lacking. We developed a seed-and-extend algorithm that assembles organelle genomes from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, starting from a related or distant single seed sequence. The algorithm has been tested on several new (Gonioctena intermedia and Avicennia marina) and public (Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa) whole genome Illumina data sets where it outperforms known assemblers in assembly accuracy and coverage. In our benchmark, NOVOPlasty assembled all tested circular genomes in less than 30 min with a maximum memory requirement of 16 GB and an accuracy over 99.99%. In conclusion, NOVOPlasty is the sole de novo assembler that provides a fast and straightforward extraction of the extranuclear genomes from WGS data in one circular high quality contig. The software is open source and can be downloaded at https://github.com/ndierckx/NOVOPlasty.
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              GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes

              GetOrganelle is a state-of-the-art toolkit to accurately assemble organelle genomes from whole genome sequencing data. It recruits organelle-associated reads using a modified “baiting and iterative mapping” approach, conducts de novo assembly, filters and disentangles the assembly graph, and produces all possible configurations of circular organelle genomes. For 50 published plant datasets, we are able to reassemble the circular plastomes from 47 datasets using GetOrganelle. GetOrganelle assemblies are more accurate than published and/or NOVOPlasty-reassembled plastomes as assessed by mapping. We also assemble complete mitochondrial genomes using GetOrganelle. GetOrganelle is freely released under a GPL-3 license (https://github.com/Kinggerm/GetOrganelle).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Curr Genomics
                Curr Genomics
                CG
                Current Genomics
                Bentham Science Publishers
                1389-2029
                1875-5488
                14 February 2023
                14 February 2023
                : 23
                : 6
                : 369-384
                Affiliations
                [1 ] deptDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, , China;
                [2 ] deptInstitute of Crop Science & Institute of Bioinformatics , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310058 , China;
                [3 ] CSIRO, Agriculture and Food , Canberra, , ACT 2601 , Australia
                Author notes
                [* ]Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; E-mail: zjdxsyfkfk@ 123456126.com
                Article
                CG-23-369
                10.2174/1389202924666221201140603
                10173419
                37920556
                b809e70f-0947-4219-9710-c91cd1260f6f
                © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers

                This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 May 2022
                : 02 October 2022
                : 19 October 2022
                Categories
                Life Sciences, Genetics & Genomics, Genetics & Heredity

                Genetics
                poaceae,chloroplast genome,genome structural features,sequencing history,phylogeny,conservation

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