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      Recent advances in energy-saving chemiresistive gas sensors: A review

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          Abstract

          With the tremendous advances in technology, gas-sensing devices are being popularly used in many distinct areas, including indoor environments, industries, aviation, and detectors for various toxic domestic gases and vapors. Even though the most popular type of gas sensor, namely, resistive-based gas sensors, have many advantages over other types of gas sensors, their high working temperatures lead to high energy consumption, thereby limiting their practical applications, especially in mobile and portable devices. As possible ways to deal with the high-power consumption of resistance-based sensors, different strategies such as self-heating, MEMS technology, and room-temperature operation using especial morphologies, have been introduced in recent years. In this review, we discuss different types of energy-saving chemisresitive gas sensors and their application in the fields of environmental monitoring. At the end, the review will be concluded by providing a summary, challenges and future perspectives.

          Graphical abstract

          The current trends in resistive-based gas sensors based on their energy consumption point of view.

          Highlights

          • Energy-saving resistive-based gas sensors are discussed.

          • Self-heating gas sensors are discussed.

          • MEMS-based gas sensors are discussed.

          • Room temperature and flexible gas sensors are discussed.

          • Different sensing mechanisms are discussed.

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          Most cited references191

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          Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene)

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            Is Open Access

            Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors

            Conductometric semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors have been widely used and investigated in the detection of gases. Investigations have indicated that the gas sensing process is strongly related to surface reactions, so one of the important parameters of gas sensors, the sensitivity of the metal oxide based materials, will change with the factors influencing the surface reactions, such as chemical components, surface-modification and microstructures of sensing layers, temperature and humidity. In this brief review, attention will be focused on changes of sensitivity of conductometric semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors due to the five factors mentioned above.
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              Preparation and applications of mechanically exfoliated single-layer and multilayer MoS₂ and WSe₂ nanosheets.

              Although great progress has been achieved in the study of graphene, the small current ON/OFF ratio in graphene-based field-effect transistors (FETs) limits its application in the fields of conventional transistors or logic circuits for low-power electronic switching. Recently, layered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials, especially MoS2, have attracted increasing attention. In contrast to its bulk material with an indirect band gap, a single-layer (1L) MoS2 nanosheet is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of ~1.8 eV, which makes it a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications due to the enhancement of photoluminescence and high current ON/OFF ratio. Compared with TMD nanosheets prepared by chemical vapor deposition and liquid exfoliation, mechanically exfoliated ones possess pristine, clean, and high-quality structures, which are suitable for the fundamental study and potential applications based on their intrinsic thickness-dependent properties. In this Account, we summarize our recent research on the preparation, characterization, and applications of 1L and multilayer MoS2 and WSe2 nanosheets produced by mechanical exfoliation. During the preparation of nanosheets, we proposed a simple optical identification method to distinguish 1L and multilayer MoS2 and WSe2 nanosheets on a Si substrate coated with 90 and 300 nm SiO2. In addition, we used Raman spectroscopy to characterize mechanically exfoliated 1L and multilayer WSe2 nanosheets. For the first time, a new Raman peak at 308 cm(-1) was observed in the spectra of WSe2 nanosheets except for the 1L WSe2 nanosheet. Importantly, we found that the 1L WSe2 nanosheet is very sensitive to the laser power during characterization. The high power laser-induced local oxidation of WSe2 nanosheets and single crystals was monitored by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hexagonal and monoclinic structured WO3 thin films were obtained from the local oxidization of single- to triple-layer (1L-3L) and quadruple- to quintuple-layer (4L-5L) WSe2 nanosheets, respectively. Then, we present Raman characterization of shear and breathing modes of 1L and multilayer MoS2 and WSe2 nanosheets in the low frequency range (<50 cm(-1)), which can be used to accurately identify the layer number of nanosheets. Magnetic force microscopy was used to characterize 1L and multilayer MoS2 nanosheets, and thickness-dependent magnetic response was found. In the last part, we briefly introduce the applications of 1L and multilayer MoS2 nanosheets in the fields of gas sensors and phototransistors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nano Energy
                Nano Energy
                Nano Energy
                Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                2211-2855
                2211-3282
                17 September 2020
                17 September 2020
                : 105369
                Affiliations
                [a ]Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
                [b ]The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
                [c ]Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 715557-13876, Iran
                [d ]Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
                [e ]Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author.
                [∗∗ ]Corresponding author. The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
                [∗∗∗ ]Corresponding author.
                [1]

                Equal contribution.

                Article
                S2211-2855(20)30946-0 105369
                10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105369
                7494497
                32959010
                b723746d-f80b-4812-93e2-c8eb820602ee
                © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 13 July 2020
                : 3 September 2020
                : 7 September 2020
                Categories
                Article

                energy saving,low-power consumption,room-temperature sensing,mems-based gas sensors,flexible gas sensors

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