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      Association of dyslipidemia, hypertension and overweight/obesity with work shift and duration of employment among police officers in a small town in Northeastern Brazil Translated title: Associação de dislipidemia, hipertensão e sobrepeso/obesidade com o turno de trabalho e tempo de serviço de policiais numa cidade de pequeno porte no Nordeste brasileiro

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          ABSTRACT |

          Background:

          Metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases have impact on the job performance of police officers.

          Objective:

          To investigate the association of overweight/obesity and cardiovascular risk factors with work shift and duration of employment among police officers.

          Methods:

          Cross-sectional study with 102 police officers in Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil, in which we analyzed sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, personal history of disease and lifestyle. Statistical analysis included the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test.

          Results:

          Overweight/obesity was found among most participants (83.3%). Hypertriglyceridemia (49.1%), low HDL-C (56.9%) and high LDL-C (46.1%) levels were associated with abnormal BMI (p<0.05). Hypertension was the main disease reported by overweight/obese participants (28.2%) (p=0.01). Job position, lifestyle and work shift were not associated with any of the analyzed variables, however, abnormal BMI, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were frequent among the participants with 6-10 or more than 10 years in the job (p<0.05).

          Conclusion:

          Part of the participants with at least 6 years in the job exhibited overweight/obesity in association with dyslipidemia and hypertension. We recommend prevention and therapeutic strategies to protect officers from chronic diseases or attenuate their long-term complications. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the associations we found, mainly between duration of employment and occupational diseases.

          RESUMO |

          Introdução:

          A síndrome metabólica e diversas doenças crônicas vêm impactando o trabalho de policiais militares.

          Objetivos:

          Avaliar a relacão entre sobrepeso/obesidade e fatores de risco cardiovascular associados ao turno e ao tempo de serviço entre policiais.

          Métodos:

          Estudo transversal com 102 policiais militares da cidade de Cajazeiras, Paraíba. Foram analisadas características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, índice de massa corporal (IMC), perfil lipídico, comorbidades e estilo de vida. Os testes χ 2 e exato de Fisher foram utilizados na análise dos grupos.

          Resultados:

          Sobrepeso/obesidade foi encontrado em 83,3% dos policiais. Hipertrigliceridemia (49,1%), baixas concentrações de HDL-C (56,9%) e LDL-C sérico elevado (46,1%) apresentaram associação com alterações do IMC (p<0,05). Hipertensão arterial foi a principal doença relatada pelos participantes com sobrepeso/obesidade (28,2%) (p=0,01). Função desempenhada, estilo de vida e turno de trabalho não apresentaram associação com as variáveis analisadas. No entanto, alterações no IMC, dislipidemia e hipertensão foram frequentes entre os participantes com 6 a 10 ou mais de 10 anos de serviço (p<0,05).

          Conclusão:

          Parte dos participantes com um mínimo de 6 anos de tempo de serviço apresentou sobrepeso/obesidade associado a dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial. Recomenda-se a implementação de estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas para proteger os agentes policiais de doenças crônicas ou atenuar suas complicações no longo prazo. Estudos prospectivos são necessários para confirmar as associações identificadas no presente estudo, principalmente entre o tempo de serviço e doenças ocupacionais.

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          Most cited references25

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          Atualização da Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Prevenção da Aterosclerose – 2017

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            Rotating shift work and the metabolic syndrome: a prospective study.

            Several studies have documented on the elevated cardiovascular risk among shift workers. In order to further explore this relation, we aimed at assessing the association between rotating shift work and the incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this population-based prospective study, 1529 employees from several large Belgian companies were followed for a median observation period of 6.6 years with respect to the onset of the MetS and its separate components. At baseline, 309 men (20.2%) were rotating shift workers. The MetS incidence rate in these shift workers (60.6 per 1000 person-years) was increased in comparison with day workers (37.2 per 1000 person-years) with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.77 (1.34-2.32). Multivariate adjustment for potential lifestyle and work-related confounders did only marginally affect the strength of the association. The risk for the development of MetS gradually increased independently with accumulated years of shift work. Rotating shift work not only had an impact on MetS as a cluster of conditions but on each of its individual components as well. Hence, prospective evidence was found that rotating shift work increases the risk for developing the MetS over a period of 6 years.
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              Influence of Physical Activity on Hypertension and Cardiac Structure and Function.

              The global burden of hypertension is rising and accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity contribute to this burden, further highlighting the need for prevention efforts to curb this public health epidemic. Regular physical activity is associated with lower blood pressure, reduced cardiovascular risk, and cardiac remodeling. While exercise and hypertension can both be associated with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the cardiac remodeling from hypertension is pathologic with an associated increase in myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and risk of heart failure and mortality, whereas LVH in athletes is generally non-pathologic and lacks the fibrosis seen in hypertension. In hypertensive patients, physical activity has been associated with paradoxical regression or prevention of LVH, suggesting a mechanism by which exercise can benefit hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the benefits of physical activity in the hypertensive heart.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Bras Med Trab
                Rev Bras Med Trab
                Rev Bras Med Trab.
                Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho
                Brazilian Journal of Occupational Medicine
                1679-4435
                2447-0147
                01 December 2019
                2019
                : 17
                : 4
                : 537-544
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalDepartment of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil. normalizedFaculdade Santa Maria orgdiv2Department of Clinical Testing orgdiv1Biomedicine undergraduate course orgnameFaculdade Santa Maria Brazil
                [2 ] originalUndergraduate nursing course, Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Palmas (TO), Brazil. normalizedUniversidade Federal do Tocantins orgdiv1Undergraduate nursing course orgnameUniversidade Federal do Tocantins Brazil
                [3 ] originalUndergraduate medical course, Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Palmas (TO), Brazil. normalizedUniversidade Federal do Tocantins orgdiv1Undergraduate medical course orgnameUniversidade Federal do Tocantins Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: José Bruno Nunes Ferreira Silva - Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Campus Universitário de Palmas - Avenida NS 15, ALCNO 14, Bala I, 109 Norte - Plano Diretor Norte - CEP: 77001-090 - Palmas (TO), Brasil - E-mail: nunes.brj@ 123456mail.uft.edu.br
                Article
                10.5327/Z1679443520190401
                7363266
                32685753
                b6d8f75e-f04c-4789-bcf7-b276d953fd24

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 28 February 2019
                : 05 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 08
                Categories
                Original Article

                cardiovascular diseases,dyslipidemias,hypertension,obesity,shift work schedule

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