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      Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Phaeoisariopsis griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot of bean

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          Abstract

          Angular leaf spot of Phaseolus vulgaris is a serious disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola, in which two major gene pools occur, namely Andean and Middle-American. Sequence analysis of the SSU region of nrDNA revealed the genus Phaeoisariopsis to be indistinguishable from other hyphomycete anamorph genera associated with Mycosphaerella, namely Pseudocercospora and Stigmina. A new combination is therefore proposed in the genus Pseudocercospora, a name to be conserved over Phaeoisariopsis and Stigmina. Further comparisons by means of morphology, cultural characteristics, and DNA sequence analysis of the ITS, calmodulin, and actin gene regions delineated two groups within P. griseola , which are recognised as two formae, namely f. griseola and f. mesoamericana.

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          Domestication patterns in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the origin of the Mesoamerican and Andean cultivated races.

          D G Debouck, Kelly Chacón, B Pickersgill (2005)
          Chloroplast DNA polymorphisms were studied by PCR sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 165 accessions of domesticated landraces of common bean from Latin America and the USA, 23 accessions of weedy beans, and 134 accessions of wild beans covering the entire geographic range of wild Phaseolus vulgaris. Fourteen chloroplast haplotypes were identified in wild beans, only five of which occur also in domesticated beans. The chloroplast data agree with those obtained from analyses based on morphology and isozymes and with other DNA polymorphisms in supporting independent domestications of common bean in Mesoamerica and the Andean region and in demonstrating a founder effect associated with domestication in each region. Andean landraces have been classified into three different racial groups, but all share the same chloroplast haplotype. This suggests that common bean was domesticated once only in South America and that the races diverged post-domestication. The haplotype found in Andean domesticated beans is confined to the southern part of the range of wild beans, so Andean beans were probably domesticated somewhere within this area. Mesoamerican landraces have been classified into four racial groups. Our limited samples of Races Jalisco and Guatemala differ from the more widespread and commercially important Races Mesoamerica and Durango in types and/or frequencies of haplotypes. All four Mesoamerican races share their haplotypes with local wild beans in parts of their ranges. Independent domestications of at least some of the races in Mesoamerica and/or conversion of some locally adapted wild beans to cultigens by hybridization with introduced domesticated beans, followed by introgression of the "domestication syndrome" seem the most plausible explanations of the chloroplast and other molecular data.
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            First record of Colletogloeopsis zuluense comb. nov., causing a stem canker of Eucalyptus in China.

            Maria-Noel Cortinas, D. Xu, B Dell Chism … (2006)
            Coniothyrium zuluense causes a serious canker disease of Eucalyptus in various parts of the world. Very little is known regarding the taxonomy of this asexual fungus, which was provided with a name based solely on morphological characteristics. In this study we consider the phylogenetic position of C. zuluense using DNA-based techniques. Distance analysis using 18S and ITS regions revealed extensive sequence divergence relative to the type species of Coniothyrium, C. palmarum and species of Paraconiothyrium. Coniothyrium zuluense was shown to be an anamorph species of Mycosphaerella, a genus that includes a wide range of Eucalyptus leaf and stem pathogens. Within Mycosphaerella it clustered with taxa having pigmented, verruculose, aseptate conidia that proliferate percurrently and sympodially from pigmented conidiogenous cells arranged in conidiomata that vary from being pycnidial to acervular. The genus Colletogloeopsis is emended to include species with pycnidial conidiomata, and the new combination Colletogloeopsis zuluense is proposed. This is also the first report of the pathogen from China where it is associated with stem cankers on Eucalyptus urophylla.
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              Studies in Mycology

              (1998)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Stud Mycol
                Title: Studies in Mycology
                Publisher: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre
                ISSN (Print): 0166-0616
                ISSN (Electronic): 1872-9797
                Publication date (Print): 2006
                Volume: 55
                Issue: 100 Years of Fungal Biodiversity in southern Africa
                Pages: 163-173
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [2 ] ARC Grain Crops Institute, P. Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
                [3 ] Martin-Luther-Universität, FB. Biologie, Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
                Author notes
                [*]

                Correspondence: Pedro W. Crous, crous@ 123456cbs.knaw.nl

                Article
                Publisher ID: 0163
                DOI: 10.3114/sim.55.1.163
                PMC ID: 2104728
                PubMed ID: 18490977
                SO-VID: b6a37a4b-a5a8-4c07-b6bf-8d58235b6998
                Copyright © Copyright © Copyright 2006 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
                License:

                You are free to share–to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions:

                Attribution:  You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).

                Non-commercial:  You may not use this work for commercial purposes.

                No derivative works:  You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.

                For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this lincense impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.

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                Subject: Articles

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: pseudocercospora,ascomycetes,phaeoisariopsis,dna sequence comparisons,phaseolus vulgaris,mycosphaerella,systematics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: pseudocercospora, ascomycetes, phaeoisariopsis, dna sequence comparisons, phaseolus vulgaris, mycosphaerella, systematics

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