A comparative analysis along with the optimization of various parameters for 8 different Cs-halide perovskite absorber-based solar cells is performed using a SCAPS-1D simulator, where ZnO and CFTS are proposed as ETL and HTL materials, respectively.
To meet the increasing demand for power sources, scientists are continuously trying to improve the efficiency of solar cells. In these circumstances, Cs-based perovskites have attracted attention due to their intriguing performance. In this paper, eight different solar cells based on Cs-halide perovskite absorbers (CsPbI 3, CsPbBr 3, CsSnI 3, CsSnCl 3, Cs 2BiAgI 6, Cs 3Bi 2I 9, CsSn 0.5Ge 0.5I 3, and Cs 3Sb 2I 9) are investigated using the SCAPS-1D simulation program. Besides, ZnO and CFTS materials are proposed as promising candidates for charge transport material application, along with gold as the back contact. Initially, the impact of the absorber and the electron transport layer (ETL) thickness on the photovoltaic performance was evaluated. In addition, various parameters, such as the thickness, the donor and acceptor densities and the defect density, are investigated to locate the final optimized Cs-based structures. From this optimization, it is evident that among all the optimizing features, absorber materials and the hole transport layer (HTL) thickness, the HTL acceptor density enhanced the performance much more than the other optimizing features. Furthermore, to evaluate the characteristics of these devices, the series resistance, shunt resistance, working temperature, current–voltage density, and quantum efficiency are also simulated. Among all eight Cs-based perovskites, the ITO/ZnO/CsPbBr 3/CFTS/Au and ITO/ZnO/Cs 3Bi 2I 9/CFTS/Au devices achieved the best performance, with a conversion efficiency of 19.28% and 19.23%, respectively. Lastly, the performance of the SCAPS-1D simulator software is verified using the wxAMPS simulation program, where both yield results that are in excellent agreement. In conclusion, this research provides useful information for optimizing solar cell architectures and understanding the effects of various device components.