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      Microbial activity and soil respiration under nitrogen addition in Alaskan boreal forest

      , ,
      Global Change Biology
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C

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            The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities.

            For centuries, biologists have studied patterns of plant and animal diversity at continental scales. Until recently, similar studies were impossible for microorganisms, arguably the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. Here, we present a continental-scale description of soil bacterial communities and the environmental factors influencing their biodiversity. We collected 98 soil samples from across North and South America and used a ribosomal DNA-fingerprinting method to compare bacterial community composition and diversity quantitatively across sites. Bacterial diversity was unrelated to site temperature, latitude, and other variables that typically predict plant and animal diversity, and community composition was largely independent of geographic distance. The diversity and richness of soil bacterial communities differed by ecosystem type, and these differences could largely be explained by soil pH (r(2) = 0.70 and r(2) = 0.58, respectively; P < 0.0001 in both cases). Bacterial diversity was highest in neutral soils and lower in acidic soils, with soils from the Peruvian Amazon the most acidic and least diverse in our study. Our results suggest that microbial biogeography is controlled primarily by edaphic variables and differs fundamentally from the biogeography of "macro" organisms.
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              Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programs.

              R Chenna (2003)
              The Clustal series of programs are widely used in molecular biology for the multiple alignment of both nucleic acid and protein sequences and for preparing phylogenetic trees. The popularity of the programs depends on a number of factors, including not only the accuracy of the results, but also the robustness, portability and user-friendliness of the programs. New features include NEXUS and FASTA format output, printing range numbers and faster tree calculation. Although, Clustal was originally developed to run on a local computer, numerous Web servers have been set up, notably at the EBI (European Bioinformatics Institute) (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Global Change Biology
                Global Change Biol
                Wiley-Blackwell
                1354-1013
                1365-2486
                May 2008
                May 2008
                : 14
                : 5
                : 1156-1168
                Article
                10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x
                b5d114ad-c412-4461-8a77-f84181b08f4f
                © 2008

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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