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      What Limits the Distribution of Liriomyza huidobrensis and Its Congener Liriomyza sativae in Their Native Niche: When Temperature and Competition Affect Species’ Distribution Range in Guatemala

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          Abstract

          Factors limiting distribution range for most species are generally unknown regardless of whether they are native or invasive. We studied factors that could enable or restrict the distribution of two cosmopolitan invasive leafminer fly species, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) in their native niche. In order to test which ecological and environmental factors affect leafminer distribution we conducted thermal tolerance assays, sampled along elevation gradients and modeled species distribution. Findings from the field and rearing chambers showed a physiological restriction due to high temperatures for L. huidobrensis at 28–29 °C, above which adult emergence is compromised. We also found that maximum temperatures below 22 °C, typical of tropical highlands, favored L. huidobrensis. L. sativae was found across a wider temperature range (i.e., from 21 to 36 °C) in Guatemala. Our finding of a physiological threshold in temperature for L. huidobrensis may enable us to predict its invasive risk when combined with the environmental conditions at horticultural ports of entry and the global agricultural landscape. Further, it strengthens our predictions on shifts in distribution of the leafminer fly under future climate. We also found a temperature mediated competitive exclusion interaction between the two herbivore species, where L. sativae occurred at temperatures < 22 °C only in the absence of L. huidobrensis. We show that parasitoids had a negative effect on the leafminer flies, which varied with host plant. Finally, we show the importance of taking a multiaspect approach when investigating what limits distribution and invasiveness of a species.

          Resumen

          Cuáles factores limitan la distribución de especies se desconoce en gran medida, independientemente de si la especie es nativa o introducida. Investigamos factores del nicho nativo que pueden influir en la distribución de dos especies cosmopolitas e invasoras de moscas minadoras, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) y L. sativae (Blanchard) en su nicho nativo. Para determinar los factores ambientales y ecológicos relevantes realizamos crianzas a distintas temperaturas en laboratorio, así como muestreos en campo y modelaje de la distribución de las especies. Nuestros resultados de campo y de crianza en incubadoras demostraron una restricción fisiológica de L. huidobrensis a temperaturas de 28–29 °C, en las cuales la emergencia de adultos se vio comprometida. Además, encontramos que las temperaturas templadas, típicas de los climas tropicales montanos, favorecen a L. huidobrensis en el altiplano de Guatemala (a elevaciones entre 1,500–2,600 m). L. sativae se encontró en un intervalo de temperaturas máximas más amplio (i.e., de 21–36 °C). Nuestros resultados en conjunto con información climatológica facilitan la determinación del riesgo invasivo de L. huidobrensis en un área agrícola determinada, y se pueden generar predicciones robustas sobre su futura distribución dado al cambio climático. Las dos especies también interactúan entre sí de manera dependiente de la temperatura ambiental, así que L. sativae se encuentra a temperaturas < 22 °C únicamente en ausencia de L. huidobrensis. Los parasitoides afectan negativamente la emergencia de las moscas. Este estudio integra múltiples métodos de estudio del nicho nativo de una especie, para determinar los límites de la distribución de especies invasoras.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Insect Sci
                J. Insect Sci
                jis
                Journal of Insect Science
                Oxford University Press
                1536-2442
                July 2017
                26 July 2017
                26 July 2017
                : 17
                : 4
                : 88
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712 ( genioveva@ 123456gmail.com )
                [3 ]School of Sciences, St. Francis University, Loretto, PA 15940 ( cmacvean@ 123456francis.edu )
                [4 ]Formerly at the Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala 01015, Guatemala ( catherushka@ 123456gmail.com )
                [5 ]Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands ( anouschka.hof@ 123456gmail.com ),
                [6 ]Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
                Author notes
                [2 ]Corresponding author, e-mail: genioveva@ 123456gmail.com
                Subject Editor: Jessica Dohmen-Vereijssen
                Article
                iex059
                10.1093/jisesa/iex059
                7059796
                28973492
                b5cbd610-4218-4260-a4cf-b49ac7f30cb4
                © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                : 30 November 2016
                Page count
                Pages: 13
                Categories
                Research Article

                Entomology
                physiological limit,introduced species,native niche,liriomyza huidobrensis,liriomyza sativae

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