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      The Registered Nurses amid COVID‐19 in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive phenomenological study

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          Abstract

          Aim

          To investigate the experiences of registered nurses’ lived experiences in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic crisis in a government hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

          Design

          Qualitative descriptive phenomenology.

          Methods

          Utilizing in‐depth interviews with twenty registered nurses with the use of purposive sampling from September to December 2020. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi methods, and a COREQ checklist was utilized to report the study’s results.

          Results

          The participants' narratives generated three major themes, namely: ‘one foot below the ground’, ‘the nightingale pledge’; and ‘hope beyond COVID‐19’. The lived experiences of Registered Nurses throughout the pandemic brought by the COVID‐19 virus increase a person's understanding of the phenomenon under investigation and plan collective actions to improve the nurses' welfare. The unique challenges faced by Registered Nurses as they carry out their duties in a variety of healthcare settings can be better appreciated if their experiences are taken into account. Nursing administrations all around the world can use the findings of this research to create safeguards for their staff.

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          Most cited references41

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          Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

          A Tong, P SAINSBURY, J. Craig (2007)
          Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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            Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention

            Yiyin Chen, Sabra L. Klein, Brian Garibaldi … (2020)
            The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, moved across the globe at an unprecedented speed, and has caused a profound and yet still unfolding health and socioeconomic impacts. SARS-CoV-2, a β-coronavirus, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes a disease that has been termed the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinical experience thus far indicates that COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous, ranging from being asymptomatic and mild to severe and causing death. Host factors including age, sex, and comorbid conditions are key determinants of disease severity and progression. Aging itself is a prominent risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. We hypothesize that age-related decline and dysregulation of immune function, i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging play a major role in contributing to heightened vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes in older adults. Much remains to be learned about the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We need to begin partitioning all immunological outcome data by age to better understand disease heterogeneity and aging. Such knowledge is critical not only for understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis but also for COVID-19 vaccine development.
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              Recent Developments on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approaches for COVID-19

              Joydeb Majumder, Tamara Minko (2021)
              The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made a serious public health threat worldwide with millions of people at risk in a growing number of countries. Though there are no clinically approved antiviral drugs and vaccines for COVID-19, attempts are ongoing for clinical trials of several known antiviral drugs, their combination, as well as development of vaccines in patients with confirmed COVID-19. This review focuses on the latest approaches to diagnostics and therapy of COVID-19. We have summarized recent progress on the conventional therapeutics such as antiviral drugs, vaccines, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody treatments, and convalescent plasma therapy which are currently under extensive research and clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19. The developments of nanoparticle-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches have been also discussed for COVID-19. We have assessed recent literature data on this topic and made a summary of current development and future perspectives.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jordan Tovera Salvador:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-0428
                ogden_182003@yahoo.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nurs Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nurs Open
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2054-1058
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NOP2
                Title: Nursing Open
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2054-1058
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 November 2022
                Publication date Collection: March 2023
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 3 ( doiID: 10.1002/nop2.v10.3 )
                Pages: 1662-1671
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Nursing Education, College of Nursing Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
                [ 2 ] Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
                [ 3 ] College of Medicine Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
                [ 4 ] Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
                [ 5 ] Fundamentals of Nursing Department, College of Nursing Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Jordan Tovera Salvador, Department of Nursing Education, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

                Email: ogden_182003@ 123456yahoo.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-0428
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-3776
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-2069
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-2057
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-3819
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4399-8670
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-3618
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5953-489X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-0976
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-5973
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-6856
                Article
                Publisher ID: NOP21421 Other ID: NOP-2022-Jan-0143.R1
                DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1421
                PMC ID: 9912406
                PubMed ID: 36377552
                SO-VID: b5a27779-14df-4f79-8cb3-23c315cce987
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date revision received : 04 September 2022
                Date received : 25 January 2022
                Date accepted : 11 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Pages: 10, Words: 6287
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date March 2023
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.2.5 mode:remove_FC converted:10.02.2023

                Keywords: disease,middle east,nurses,pandemics,qualitative research,saudi arabia
                Data availability:
                Keywords: disease, middle east, nurses, pandemics, qualitative research, saudi arabia

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