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      Development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a brief parenting scale (PS-7) for the parents of adolescents

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          Abstract

          This study aimed to develop a seven-item brief parenting scale (PS-7) based on the original parenting scale (PS) and various other shortened versions and with a better factor structure for the parents of adolescents. The scale was tested with a sample of 3,777 parents (2,205 mothers and 1,572 fathers). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the dimensionality of the different versions of the PS. Only the PS-7 with a two-factor structure, i.e., laxness (three items) and overreactivity (four items), showed a good model fit based on a representative sample of parents of junior secondary school students. Overall, the results suggest that PS-7 is comparable to the original PS and possesses good psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, factorial validity, construct validity, criterion validity and discriminant validity. The abbreviated parenting scale also provides a reliable and cost-effective method for assessing parental practices for treatment and assessing treatment outcomes.

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          Most cited references59

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          Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests

          Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334
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            A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis

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              The Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: Differential Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Adolescent Boys.

              This study reports the development of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and the differential correlates of these two forms of aggression. Antisocial, psychosocial and personality measures were obtained at ages 7 and 16 years in schoolboys, while the RPQ was administered to 334 of the boys at age 16 years. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a significant fit for a two-factor proactive-reactive model that replicated from one independent subsample to another. Proactive aggression was uniquely characterized at age 7 by initiation of fights, strong-arm tactics, delinquency, poor school motivation, poor peer relationships, single-parent status, psychosocial adversity, substance-abusing parents, and hyperactivity, and at age 16 by a psychopathic personality, blunted affect, delinquency, and serious violent offending. Reactive aggression was uniquely characterized at age 16 by impulsivity, hostility, social anxiety, lack of close friends, unusual perceptual experiences, and ideas of reference. Findings confirm and extend the differential correlates of proactive-reactive aggression, and demonstrate that this brief but reliable and valid self-report instrument can be used to assess proactive and reactive aggression in child and adolescent samples.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                29 January 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 1
                : e0228287
                Affiliations
                [001]Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
                Temple University, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-6568
                Article
                PONE-D-19-17632
                10.1371/journal.pone.0228287
                6988928
                31995617
                b5988ef4-742d-461c-b811-b00fd67a2802
                © 2020 Fung, Fung

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 21 June 2019
                : 10 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 7, Pages: 15
                Funding
                Funded by: General Research Fund, Research Grant Council, Hong Kong
                Award ID: 11611517
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the Research Grant Council, Hong Kong under General Research Fund [number 11611517]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Parenting Behavior
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Parenting Behavior
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Statistical Methods
                Factor Analysis
                Physical Sciences
                Mathematics
                Statistics
                Statistical Methods
                Factor Analysis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Psychometrics
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Psychometrics
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Education
                Schools
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                Adolescents
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                Adolescents
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Fathers
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Mothers
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data that will enable future readers to replicate our findings are uploaded as a Supporting Information file.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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