Grace E. Mulholland:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0046-2144
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Michael E. Herce:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-3867
Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Ubaldo M. Bahemuka:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-4832
Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Zachary A. Kwena: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Kidola Jeremiah:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7900-9689
Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Brenda A. Okech: Role: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Elizabeth Bukusi: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Elialilia S. Okello: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Gertrude Nanyonjo: Role: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Ali Ssetaala:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-3024
Role: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review
& editing
Janet Seeley:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-5272
Role: Writing – review & editing
Michael Emch: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Audrey Pettifor:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-0817
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Sharon S. Weir: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Jessie K. Edwards:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-335X
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review
& editing
Emily B. Wong: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS Global Public Health
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
2767-3375
Publication date
(Electronic):
5
June
2023
Publication date Collection: 2023
Volume: 3
Issue: 6
Electronic Location Identifier: e0001992
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina, United States of America
[2
]
Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
[3
]
Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
[4
]
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
[5
]
Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical
Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
[6
]
UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Limited, Entebbe, Uganda
[7
]
Global Health and Development Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, United Kingdom
[8
]
Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina, United States of America
Africa Health Research Institute, SOUTH AFRICA
Author notes
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PGPH-D-22-01578
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001992
PMC ID: 10241360
SO-VID: b5708d23-4810-4b63-bc13-fad5443d3e17
Copyright © © 2023 Mulholland et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000200, United States Agency for International Development;
Award ID: AID-OAA-L-14-00004
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000060, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases;
Award ID: R01AI157758
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-335X
Jessie K. Edwards
The parent study was supported by the United States Agency for International Development
(USAID) under the terms of MEASURE Evaluation cooperative agreement AID‐OAA‐L‐14‐00004.
MEASURE Evaluation was implemented by the Carolina Population Center, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partnership with ICF International; John Snow, Inc.;
Management Sciences for Health; Palladium; and Tulane University. Views expressed
are not necessarily those of USAID or the United States Government. GEM and JKE were
also supported by R01AI157758. The funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Health Care Facilities
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pharmaceutics
Subject:
Drug Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Bacterial Diseases
Subject:
Tuberculosis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Tropical Diseases
Subject:
Tuberculosis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Bacterial Diseases
Subject:
Tuberculosis
Subject:
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Tropical Diseases
Subject:
Tuberculosis
Subject:
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Physiological Parameters
Subject:
Body Weight
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Geographical Locations
Subject:
Africa
Subject:
Uganda
