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      剂量调整的EP(D)OCH方案联合利妥昔单抗治疗新诊断双表达淋巴瘤的疗效分析 Translated title: Dose-adjusted EPOCH/EDOCH plus rituximab in untreated double-protein expression lymphoma

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          Abstract

          双打击淋巴瘤(DHL)多起源于生发中心(GCB)B细胞,在2016年更新的WHO淋巴肿瘤分类中已将其定义为独立亚型,命名为伴MYC及BCL2和/或BCL6重排的高级别B细胞淋巴瘤(High-grade B-cell lymphomas)。目前推荐一线采用增强剂量免疫化疗联合或不联合自体干细胞移植(ASCT)治疗。进一步的研究发现,同时存在MYC和BCL2蛋白表达的双表达淋巴瘤(DPL)也是一组预后较差的类型,与DHL不同的是,其肿瘤细胞多数来源于非生发中心(non-GCB)或活化的B细胞(ABC),生存略好于DHL,但仍明显差于非DHL和非DPL的患者;采用RCHOP方案治疗,DPL患者5年生存率为30%~36%[1]–[2]。针对DPL哪种化疗方案更好目前尚缺乏相关研究,我们中心采用R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案治疗新诊断的DPL患者,现将治疗结果报告如下。 病例与方法 1. 病例:回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月在我院淋巴瘤中心应用R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案治疗的27例新诊断DPL患者资料,病理类型包括弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(非特殊类型)(DLBCL)和介于DLBCL与伯基特淋巴瘤(BL)之间不能分类的淋巴瘤(BCLU)。参照世界卫生组织造血与淋巴组织肿瘤分型标准(2008版)进行诊断。免疫组化检测:MYC阳性率≥40%、BCL2阳性率≥50%,定义为阳性。19例患者同时应用FISH方法,使用MYC分离探针和BCL2分离探针,检测是否存在MYC重排或BCL2重排。 2. 治疗方案:所有患者应用R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案治疗至少4个疗程。R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案具体剂量和用法:利妥昔单抗(R)375 mg/m2,第0天,依托泊苷(E)50 mg/m2、长春新碱(O)0.4 mg/m2或长春地辛(O)0.8 mg/m2、多柔比星(H)10 mg/m2或表柔比星(H)15 mg/m2,以上三种化疗药物均第1~4天持续输注96 h;环磷酰胺(C)750 mg/m2第5天;泼尼松(P)每次60 mg/m2,每日2次,第1~5天或地塞米松(D)30 mg/d,每日1次,第1~5天。每21 d为1个疗程。化疗结束后,当中性粒细胞低于1.5×109/L或最迟于化疗结束后96 h开始应用G-CSF 5 µg/kg。参照Wilson等[3]的方案设计进行细胞毒药物剂量调整。 本研究中前期的病例均采用R-EPOCH方案治疗,后期考虑到该方案对中枢神经系统(CNS)作用较弱,因此将方案中的泼尼松更换为地塞米松(即R-EDOCH),地塞米松能穿透血脑屏障,可在一定程度上增加对CNS的作用。方案中表柔比星为多柔比星的异构体,其心脏毒性较多柔比星轻,在有冠心病高危因素(如血脂异常、糖尿病和吸烟等)的患者更多选择表柔比星。 本组患者应用R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案中位疗程数为6(4~8)个,其中5例因血液学毒性或非血液毒性降低了R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案细胞毒药物剂量(剂量降低20%),2例因不耐受而更换其他化疗方案。10例获部分缓解(PR)以上疗效的患者接受了一线ASCT,移植预处理方案主要采用R-BEAC(利妥昔单抗、卡莫司汀、依托泊苷、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺)方案,少数患者采用包含全身放疗的TBI+R-EA(利妥昔单抗、依托泊苷、阿糖胞苷)方案。13例有CNS侵犯高危因素的患者进行了预防性腰穿鞘注,中位鞘注治疗3(2~10)次;2例治疗过程中可疑CNS侵犯的患者额外接受了含大剂量甲氨蝶呤及中剂量阿糖胞苷的化疗。1例睾丸受累患者额外接受了大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗。2例患者化疗后行局部放疗。 3. 疗效评价:均采用PET-CT进行疗效评价。依据2014年修订的Lugano分期和疗效评价标准,疗效分为完全缓解(CR)、PR、疾病稳定(SD)和疾病进展[4]。 4. 随访:随访截止时间为2016年5月31日。无进展生存(PFS)时间定义为从开始治疗至复发/进展、任何原因死亡或随访终点的时间。总体生存(OS)时间定义为从开始治疗至任何原因死亡或随访终点的时间。 5. 统计学处理:采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析,时间依赖性终点PFS和OS率的计算均采用Kaplan-Meier方法,并绘制生存曲线。多因素分析采用Cox模型分析,各危险因素对患者生存的影响分析均采用Log-rank检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果 1. 临床特征:27例患者中,男14例,女13例,中位年龄43(7~64)岁。其中25例为DLBCL(GCB来源者5例,non-GCB来源者20例),2例为BCLU。Ann Arbor分期:Ⅱ期14例(占51.9%),Ⅲ~Ⅳ期13例(占48.1%)。IPI评分低危、低中危、中高危、高危组患者所占比例分别为63.0%、11.1%、18.5%、7.4%。 发病时,19例(70.4%)伴有结外受累(韦氏环受累11例,骨受累7例,睾丸受累1例)。11例韦氏环受累患者中,9例Ann Arbor分期为Ⅱ期,且受累淋巴结局限于颈部和锁骨上区域,符合原发韦氏环DLBCL(WR-DLBCL),non-GCB来源7例(78%),IPI评分均为0~2分;另外2例分期为Ⅳ期,除韦氏环受累外还存在多个结内、结外部位受累。 2例(7.4%)在治疗过程中出现可疑CNS侵犯(患者脑脊液流式细胞术检测结果均为阴性),其中1例为化疗后首次脑脊液检查发现异常,不排除诊断时即存在异常。 采用FISH方法检测MYC和BCL2重排的19例患者中,2例(10.5%)符合DHL且均为GCB来源。 2. 疗效分析:27例患者总有效率(ORR)为96.3%,其中CR率74.1%(20/27),PR率22.2%(6/27),SD率3.7%(1/27)。中位随访14个月,3例(11.1%)患者出现复发或进展,预期2年PFS率85.0%(图1A),2年OS率94.0%(图1B)。 图1 27例双表达淋巴瘤患者的无进展生存(A)和总生存(B)曲线 移植组患者预期2年的PFS率(100%对73%,χ 2=2.778,P=0.096)、OS率(100%对89%,χ 2=0.889,P=0.346)均较非移植组高,但差异均无统计学意义(图2)。移植组10例患者中移植前获CR者7例,PR者3例(移植后均获CR,持续CR时间分别为12、14和24个月)。而获得PR但未行移植的3例患者中2例疾病进展,中位PFS时间仅6个月。 图2 R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案联合或不联合自体干细胞移植治疗双表达淋巴瘤患者的无进展生存(A)和总生存(B)曲线比较 依据IPI评分分层,20例IPI评分0~2分者CR、PR和SD率分别为80.0%、15.0%、5.0%,7例IPI评分3~5分者分别为57.0%、43.0%、0。两组患者预期2年PFS率分别为89.2%和50.0%(χ 2=1.065,P=0.302),2年OS分别为93.8%和100.0%(χ 2=0.063,P=0.803),差异均无统计学意义,可能与后者例数较少有关。IPI 0~2分患者中8例行ASCT,移植组与非移植组(12例)比较,预期2年PFS率(100.0%对80.8%,χ 2=1.613,P=0.204)、OS率(100.0%和88.9%,χ 2=0.778,P=0.378),差异均无统计学意义。 2例可疑CNS侵犯的患者,经联合大剂量甲氨蝶呤、中剂量阿糖胞苷的方案及一线ASCT后均获得CR,目前已持续CR分别达22和29个月。 2例DHL患者,1例化疗后获得PR,行ASCT后达到CR,目前持续缓解14个月;另外1例化疗后获得CR,未行移植,目前持续缓解13个月。 9例原发WR-DLBCL患者化疗后8例获CR,1例SD,与相对应(分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、IPI评分0~2分)的5例非WR-DLBCL比较,PFS和OS率均未见明显差异。 3. 预后影响因素分析:多因素分析结果显示,Ann Arbor分期、IPI评分、细胞起源、LDH增高、大包块、结外受累、骨受累和韦氏环受累对患者PFS和OS均未见明显影响。 讨论 既往的研究证实,在侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤中,同时表达MYC和BCL2蛋白的DPL患者,年龄较大,分期更晚,结外侵犯多见,non-GCB来源多见,预后更差。我们回顾性分析了过去3年间在我中心治疗的27例DPL患者,发现这部分患者结外侵犯的比例为70.4%,non-GCB来源占80.0%,这些均与文献报道的特征一致。所不同的是,本研究中早期患者(51.9%)及IPI 0~2分患者(74.1%)的比例更高。Green等[5]的研究中,MYC和BCL2蛋白同时表达组中Ann Arbor分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期和IPI评分0~2分患者的比例分别为44%和59%,Hu等[2]的研究中,上述比例则分别为33%和51%。从这些结果可以看出,尽管DPL患者预后不良,但其中亦包含相当比例早期和IPI评分低危及低中危患者。另外,本研究中包含9例原发WR-DLBCL,这些病例分期早,IPI评分低,可能也是造成本研究早期、低危及低中危患者比例偏高的原因。 采用RCHOP方案治疗,DPL患者的CR率低于非DPL患者,长期生存亦明显差于非DPL的患者。对于DPL患者,目前尚无推荐的化疗方案,相关研究也很少。Green等[5]的研究结果显示,采用RCHOP方案治疗后患者的CR率为70%,3年PFS、OS率分别为39%和43%。Hu等[2]的研究结果显示,其患者的CR率为66%,5年PFS、OS率仅为27%和30%。而对于DHL患者,同样研究不多。Oki等[6]对129例DHL患者进行回顾性研究,结果显示R-EPOCH方案能够明显延长患者的无事件生成和OS时间[6]。因此,我中心尝试在DPL患者一线采用R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案治疗,结果CR率74.1%,预期2年PFS率为85.0%,OS率为94.0%,显示出良好的疗效。 由于本研究中包含的早期及IPI评分0~2分患者比例较高,我们对这部分患者的疗效进行了单独分析,结果显示IPI评分0~2分患者的CR率高于IPI评分3~5分者,两组患者的PFS和OS时间差异无统计学意义,可能与后者例数较少有关。我们采用R-DA-EP(D)OCH方案治疗IPI评分0~2分患者,2年PFS、OS率分别为89.2%、93.8%,明显优于Green等[5]报道的RCHOP方案治疗的疗效,8例患者后续行一线ASCT,未显示出进一步生存获益。因而我们认为,对于这部分早期、低危及低中危DPL患者,一线增强剂量免疫化疗可能改善患者预后,序贯一线ASCT的价值有待于在今后的研究中进一步验证。 韦氏环受累也是本组病例的一个重要特征,在既往关于DPL的研究中,均未单独提及韦氏环受累患者的比例。法国de Leval等[7]回顾性分析了187例原发WR-DLBCL患者资料,发现原发WR-DLBCL以Ⅰ~Ⅱ期为主(92%),GCB来源更多见(61%),采用蒽环类药物为基础的联合化疗,aaIPI评分0分的原发WR-DLBCL患者的5年PFS率显著高于评分一致的淋巴结来源的DLBCL患者(P=0.027)。本研究包含的9例原发WR-DLBCL,non-GCB来源更多见,考虑与这部分病例同时为DPL相关。与IPI评分和Ann Arbor分期相匹配的5例非WR-DLBCL患者比较未显示出明显的预后差异,考虑与病例数少有关,这一结果不足以代表真实情况。但是从本研究中可以看出,原发WR-DLBCL是DPL中一种并不少见的类型,这部分患者在临床特征及预后方面是否与非原发韦氏环的DPL患者存在差异需要积累更多病例进一步研究。 一线ASCT在DPL中的地位目前也缺乏相关研究。针对DHL患者的回顾性研究并未证实CR1期行造血干细胞移植能为患者带来进一步的生存获益,Oki等[6]研究发现,进展期DHL患者CR1期行ASCT有无事件生存的获益趋势(P=0.065)。本研究中共10例患者进行了一线ASCT,结果移植组较非移植组患者的PFS时间有延长趋势(P=0.096)。同时发现,3例化疗后仅获得PR的患者,移植后均获得持续CR,随访最长者已持续CR达24个月;而化疗后获PR未行移植的3例患者中,2例出现疾病进展,中位PFS仅6个月,提示一线ASCT或许能为这部分化疗欠敏感的DPL患者带来更大获益。 Savage等[8]研究发现,发病时不存在CNS侵犯的DPL患者,RCHOP方案治疗后出现CNS复发的风险明显高于非DPL的患者(9.7%对2.2%,P=0.001)。前期的研究认为,鞘注化疗药物或包含大剂量甲氨蝶呤的全身化疗可能降低患者CNS复发风险[9]。本研究纳入的27例DPL患者中,13例进行了预防性化疗药物鞘注,结果其中2例在治疗过程中出现可疑CNS侵犯,排除1例首次脑脊液检查即发现异常的患者,27例患者中仅1例出现可疑CNS复发。与Savage等的研究相比,我们将化疗方案由R-CHOP更换为R-DA-EP(D)OCH,并对有CNS侵犯高危因素的患者行预防性化疗药物鞘注,CNS复发率明显下降,提示这一治疗策略可能降低DPL患者CNS复发风险。 在本研究中我们采用R-EP(D)OCH方案治疗新诊断DPL患者取得良好近期疗效,一线联合ASCT有PFS获益趋势,尤其在化疗仅获得PR患者获益更为显著,在R-EP(D)OCH方案基础上选择性地联合预防性化疗药物鞘注可能降低DPL患者CNS复发的风险。以上结果值得在前瞻性研究中进一步探讨。

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          Concurrent expression of MYC and BCL2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone.

          Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is curable in 60% of patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). MYC translocations, with or without BCL2 translocations, have been associated with inferior survival in DLBCL. We investigated whether expression of MYC protein, with or without BCL2 protein expression, could risk-stratify patients at diagnosis. We determined the correlation between presence of MYC and BCL2 proteins by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with survival in two independent cohorts of patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP. We further determined if MYC protein expression correlated with high MYC mRNA and/or presence of MYC translocation. In the training cohort (n = 167), MYC and BCL2 proteins were detected in 29% and 44% of patients, respectively. Concurrent expression (MYC positive/BCL2 positive) was present in 21% of patients. MYC protein correlated with presence of high MYC mRNA and MYC translocation (both P < .001), but the latter was less frequent (both 11%). MYC protein expression was only associated with inferior overall and progression-free survival when BCL2 protein was coexpressed (P < .001). Importantly, the poor prognostic effect of MYC positive/BCL2 positive was validated in an independent cohort of 140 patients with DLBCL and remained significant (P < .05) after adjusting for presence of high-risk features in a multivariable model that included elevated international prognostic index score, activated B-cell molecular subtype, and presence of concurrent MYC and BCL2 translocations. Assessment of MYC and BCL2 expression by IHC represents a robust, rapid, and inexpensive approach to risk-stratify patients with DLBCL at diagnosis.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            MYC/BCL2 protein coexpression contributes to the inferior survival of activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and demonstrates high-risk gene expression signatures: a report from The International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program.

            Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is stratified into prognostically favorable germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like and unfavorable activated B-cell (ABC)-like subtypes based on gene expression signatures. In this study, we analyzed 893 de novo DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). We show that MYC/BCL2 protein coexpression occurred significantly more commonly in the ABC subtype. Patients with the ABC or GCB subtype of DLBCL had similar prognoses with MYC/BCL2 coexpression and without MYC/BCL2 coexpression. Consistent with the notion that the prognostic difference between the 2 subtypes is attributable to MYC/BCL2 coexpression, there is no difference in gene expression signatures between the 2 subtypes in the absence of MYC/BCL2 coexpression. DLBCL with MYC/BCL2 coexpression demonstrated a signature of marked downregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins, those involving matrix deposition/remodeling and cell adhesion, and upregulation of proliferation-associated genes. We conclude that MYC/BCL2 coexpression in DLBCL is associated with an aggressive clinical course, is more common in the ABC subtype, and contributes to the overall inferior prognosis of patients with ABC-DLBCL. In conclusion, the data suggest that MYC/BCL2 coexpression, rather than cell-of-origin classification, is a better predictor of prognosis in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP.
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              Immunohistochemical double-hit score is a strong predictor of outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone.

              Approximately 5% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are double-hit lymphomas (DHLs) with translocations of both MYC and BCL2. DHLs are characterized by poor outcome. We tested whether DLBCLs with high expression of MYC protein and BCL2 protein share the clinical features and poor prognosis of DHLs. Paraffin-embedded lymphoma samples from 193 patients with de novo DLBCL who were uniformly treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) were studied using immunohistochemistry for MYC, BCL2, CD10, BCL6, and MUM1/interferon regulatory factor 4, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC and BCL2. FISH analysis identified DHL in 6% of patients, who showed the expected poor overall survival (OS; P = .002). On the basis of immunohistochemical MYC and BCL2 expression, a double-hit score (DHS) was assigned to all patients with DLBCL. The DHS-2 group, defined by high expression of both MYC and BCL2 protein, comprised 29% of the patients. DHS 2 was significantly associated with lower complete response rate (P = .004), shorter OS (P < .001), and shorter progression-free survival (PFS; P < .001). The highly significant correlation with OS and PFS was maintained in multivariate models that controlled for the International Prognostic Index and the cell-of-origin subtype (OS, P < .001; PFS, P < .001). DHS was validated in an independent cohort of 116 patients who were treated with R-CHOP. The immunohistochemical DHS defined a large subset of DLBCLs with double-hit biology and was strongly associated with poor outcome in patients treated with R-CHOP.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
                Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
                CJH
                Chinese Journal of Hematology
                Editorial office of Chinese Journal of Hematology (No. 288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin )
                0253-2727
                2707-9740
                June 2017
                : 38
                : 6
                : 548-551
                Affiliations
                [1]300020 天津,中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院血液学研究所、血液病医院淋巴瘤诊疗中心Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Institute of Hematology & Blood Disease Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
                Author notes
                通信作者:邹德慧(Zou Dehui),Email: zoudehui@ 123456ihcams.ac.cn
                Article
                cjh-38-06-548
                10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.06.017
                7342966
                28655103
                b4eb9474-fc2e-4fa1-a931-b44137e785f0
                2017年版权归中华医学会所有Copyright © 2017 by Chinese Medical Association

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (CC-BY-NC). The Copyright own by Publisher. Without authorization, shall not reprint, except this publication article, shall not use this publication format design. Unless otherwise stated, all articles published in this journal do not represent the views of the Chinese Medical Association or the editorial board of this journal.

                History
                : 28 February 2017
                Funding
                基金项目:国家科技支撑计划(2014BAI09B12);国家自然科学基金(81370632、81200395)
                Categories
                短篇论著

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