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      Fatores sociodemográficos maternos associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo Translated title: Factores sociodemográficos maternos asociados con la lactancia materna exclusiva Translated title: Maternal sociodemographic factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding

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          Abstract

          Resumo Introdução O aleitamento materno é essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados do lactente por sua composição energética e nutricional, pelos fatores imunológicos e por ser seguro, sob o aspecto higiênico-sanitário. Objetivo Avaliar os fatores sociodemográficos maternos associados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo. Materiais e Métodos Estudo transversal conduzido com 143 binômios mãe/filho menor de 24 meses de idade assistidos em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde de São Luís (MA). Aplicou-se um primeiro formulário para coletar dados socioeconômicos e demográficos dos binômios mãe-filho menor de 24 meses. O segundo formulário foi respondido por 75 mães em interrupção precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Avaliou-se o tempo do aleitamento materno exclusivo, a assistência pré-natal e pós-parto à mulher, o apoio social na amamentação e a influência do uso de chupetas e mamadeiras na interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo. O Teste Exato de Fisher verificou a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados Observou-se que 33,3% das crianças mantiveram a amamentação exclusiva até o sexto mês e o seu tempo foi maior (93,3%) entre as que eram beneficiárias de algum programa social. Discussões e Conclusões A baixa frequência do tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo nas crianças mostrou a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias de incentivo à amamentação no âmbito da Atenção Primária em Saúde, de modo a contribuir para a qualificação da assistência nutricional e do pré-natal.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción La lactancia materna es esencial para el crecimiento y desarrollo adecuados del bebé debido a su composición energética y nutricional, a los factores inmunológicos y a su seguridad bajo los aspectos higiénicos y sanitarios. Objetivo Dado lo anterior, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los factores sociodemográficos maternos asociados con la lactancia materna exclusiva. Materiales y Métodos Estudio transversal realizado con 143 binomios madre-hijo menores de 24 meses de edad asistidos en cuatro Unidades Básicas de Salud de São Luís (MA). Se aplicó un primer formulario para recopilar datos socioeconómicos y demográficos de los binomios madre-hijo menores de 24 meses. El segundo formulario fue respondido por 75 madres con interrupción temprana de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Se evaluó la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva, la atención prenatal y el posparto para las mujeres, el apoyo social en la lactancia materna y la influencia del uso de chupetes y biberones en la interrupción de la lactancia materna exclusiva. El Test Exacto de Fisher verificó la asociación entre las variables. Resultados Se observó que el 33,3% de los niños mantuvieron la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes y su tiempo fue más largo (93.3%) entre quienes se beneficiaron de algún programa social. Discusión y Conclusiones La baja frecuencia del tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva en los niños mostró la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias para alentar la lactancia materna en la Atención Primaria de Salud, a fin de contribuir a la calificación de la atención nutricional y prenatal.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction Breastfeeding is essential for the proper growth and development of children due to its energy and nutritional composition, immunological factors, and safety from a hygienic and health perspective. Objective In light of this, this study aimed to assess the maternal sociodemographic factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 143 pairs of mother-child less 24 months of age that were assisted in four Primary Healthcare Centers in São Luís (MA). The first form was used to collect socioeconomic and demographic data from mother-child pairs. The second form was answered by 75 mothers with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding, antenatal and postpartum care for women, social support in breastfeeding and the influence of the use of pacifiers and bottles on the cessation of exclusive breastfeeding were assessed. Fisher's Exact Test was used to check the association between the variables. Results It was observed that 33.3% of children had exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and that breastfeeding time was longer (93.3%) among those children who benefited from social programs. Discussion and Conclusions The low frequency of exclusive breastfeeding time in children revealed the need to develop strategies to encourage breastfeeding in primary healthcare so that it can contribute to the qualification of nutritional and prenatal care.

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          Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect.

          The importance of breastfeeding in low-income and middle-income countries is well recognised, but less consensus exists about its importance in high-income countries. In low-income and middle-income countries, only 37% of children younger than 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. With few exceptions, breastfeeding duration is shorter in high-income countries than in those that are resource-poor. Our meta-analyses indicate protection against child infections and malocclusion, increases in intelligence, and probable reductions in overweight and diabetes. We did not find associations with allergic disorders such as asthma or with blood pressure or cholesterol, and we noted an increase in tooth decay with longer periods of breastfeeding. For nursing women, breastfeeding gave protection against breast cancer and it improved birth spacing, and it might also protect against ovarian cancer and type 2 diabetes. The scaling up of breastfeeding to a near universal level could prevent 823,000 annual deaths in children younger than 5 years and 20,000 annual deaths from breast cancer. Recent epidemiological and biological findings from during the past decade expand on the known benefits of breastfeeding for women and children, whether they are rich or poor.
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            Exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among mothers in Motta town, East Gojjam zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2015: a cross-sectional study

            Background Exclusive breastfeeding means babies are given only breast milk and nothing else: no other milk, food, drink, not even water for one day (24 hrs) before the survey was conducted. It prevents 13% of childhood mortality; i.e, at least 1.2 million children worldwide would be saved every year. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice and its associated factor among mothers who have infants less than six months of age in Motta town, East Gojjam, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Method A community based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from April 7, 2015 to May 7, 2015. A simple random sampling technique was applied after taking all registered mothers who have infants less than six months old from local health extension workers of each kebele. A total of 423 mothers with infant less than six months old were included in this study. The data was collected using an interviewer administered questioaire. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Result Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.1%. Mothers with young infants aged 0-1 month (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 3.86: (1.64, 9.07), unemployed mothers (AOR 3.01: 1.46, 6.20), low income mothers (AOR 3.61: 1.75, 7.45), mothers who received breastfeeding counseling in pregnancy (AOR 2.76: 1.52, 4.99), fed colostrum (AOR 3.50: 1.45, 8.45), didn't give prelacteal feeds (AOR 4.48: 1.82, 11.03) and were supported by their husband (AOR 2.67: 1.04, 6.95) were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than their counterparts. Conclusions Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in study area was lower than country recommended level. Age of the child, maternal occupation, income, breastfeeding counseling during antenatal care, husband support of breastfeeding and colostrum feeding were independent predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practice. Recommendations to increase exclusive breastfeeding practice are revising postpartum maternity leave, increasing health professional's habit of breastfeeding counseling through training, involving husbands during counseling, educating mothers and the community as a whole to avoid traditional practices that hinder exclusive breastfeeding up to six months.
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              Evaluation of breastfeeding promotion, support, and knowledge of benefits on breastfeeding outcomes.

              We examined how prenatal exposure to breastfeeding information from various media sources, maternal knowledge of benefits, family and clinician support, and peer practices influence breastfeeding outcomes in early infancy. Initiation of breastfeeding, any breastfeeding at two months, and exclusivity of breastfeeding at two months were examined in a cohort of US women using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses and logistic regression were conducted. Approximately 85 percent of the women initiated breastfeeding. At two months, 63.8 percent continued breastfeeding, while only 38.1 percent breastfed exclusively. Mothers with greater knowledge about breastfeeding benefits were 11.2 (95% CI: 6.87-18.45) times more likely to initiate breastfeeding and 5.62 (95% CI: 4.19-7.54) times more likely to breastfeed at two months than those with lower levels of knowledge. Women whose families prenatally supported exclusive breastfeeding were 8.21(5.12-13.2) times more likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding (OR 3.21, 95% CI: 2.51-4.11). Clinicians who supported breastfeeding only also increased the odds of a woman initiating breastfeeding (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.31-2.88). Interventions to increase maternal knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and family and clinician support of breastfeeding in the prenatal period may help increase breastfeeding rates. The encouragement of breastfeeding needs to be a priority among health care providers to improve the health of mothers and infants.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cuid
                Revista Cuidarte
                Rev Cuid
                Programa de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander UDES (Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia )
                2216-0973
                2346-3414
                April 2020
                : 11
                : 1
                : e811
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão Brazil sueli.ismael@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] orgnameFundação Educacional Machado de Assis Brasil kesya.irene@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S2216-09732020000100304 S2216-0973(20)01100100304
                10.15649/cuidarte.811
                b4c2b3a2-790b-4b91-a1ed-6257c377cc92

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 March 2019
                : 28 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artigo de Investigação

                Child Nutrition,Primary Health Care,Infant,Breast Feeding,Atención Primaria de Salud,Lactante,Nutrición del Niño,Lactancia Materna,Atenção Primária à Saúde,Lactente,Nutrição da Criança,Aleitamento Materno

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